Uma nje ufuna ukuba nesheke esheshayo mayelana ne -noterm ngayinye ye-2010, ungalanda leli shadi le-insoterms elibanzi.

Uma umusha ekungeniseni uvela eChina futhi unanoma iyiphi inkinga ngama-incoterms ngo-2020, sicela uthole izimpendulo ezivela ngaphansi kwemibuzo, ungazise uma ungakwazi ukuthola impendulo yakho yesihloko esinentshisekelo.

Kuyini ama-Inoterms 2010?

Ama-Inoterms amele imigomo yezentengiso yamanye amazwe.

Encoterms 2010, eqinisweni, iqoqo lemithetho ebonwa izinhlangano zombuso, abahlinzeki kanye nabameli emhlabeni wonke njengencazelo ephelele yemigomo ehlukene kwezohwebo lwamazwe omhlaba.

I-Incoterms 2010 Izincazelo zimboza imisebenzi namalungelo amaqembu okuhweba esimweni sezinto ezinikezwayo.

Ama-Incoterms amele imithetho ehlukahlukene yokuhweba, eqoqwe ngezigaba (okuthiwa izinhlamvu ezintathu zokuqala).

Ngayinye yalezi zigaba ibonisa izindlela zebhizinisi kwizinkontileka zokuthengisa zamazwe omhlaba.

Ngokuvamile, ama -noterms 2010 achaza izindleko, ubungozi kanye nezibopho ezinkulu ezixhumene nokulethwa kwezimpahla ezivela kumphakeli kumthengi.

Mangaki ama-Incoterms 2010 akhona?

Kunamasethi ayi-11 wemithetho kuma-Inoterms 2010 awonke.

I-Settoms yalemishini ingasetshenziselwa noma yiluphi uhlobo lokuhamba lwemoto eyinhloko.

Yonke imigomo eyingxenye yama -notermrs ikhonjiswa ngendlela yesifinyezo sezinhlamvu ezintathu, incwadi yokuqala lapho kukhombisa isikhathi nendawo yokudluliswa kwezibopho kumthengi:

• Iqembu E: Izibopho zidlulisela kumthengi ngqo ngesikhathi sokuthumela futhi, ngokufanele, endaweni yokuthumela izimpahla;
• Iqembu F: Iphuzu lokudluliswa kwezibopho yi-terminal yokusuka, inqobo nje uma inqwaba yezokuhamba ihlala ingakhokhelwa;
• I-GREGOR C: Inkokhelo yokuhamba okuyinhloko yenziwa ngokugcwele, izibopho zidluliselwa ngesikhathi sokutholwa kwezimpahla e-terminal of Arrival;
• Iqembu D: Ukulethwa Okugcwele, lapho kudluliselwa kwezibopho ngesikhathi sokwamukelwa kwezimpahla ngumthengi.

Yiziphi izimbotshana ezivame kakhulu ze-2010?

Uhlelo lwezincwadi ze-insoterms seluhlelwe ukucacisa imithetho yokuhweba yamazwe omhlaba wonke umthengi nomthengisi.

Ekusebenzeni kwansuku zonke, kulula kakhulu ukukhetha ama-notenoterms amangalisayo, azogcina adida isivumelwano sokuhweba nobudlelwano phakathi kwamaqembu okuhweba.

Ngakho-ke uma ungafuni ukumba ngokujulile ngaphakathi kwemithetho eyinkimbinkimbi yama -noterms 2010, ungasebenzisa amasethi ajwayelekile abhalwe ngezansi:

1. I-DDP (Ukulethwa Kwemisebenzi Ekhokhelwe).
2. I-exw (imisebenzi esebenza).
3. I-dap (ilethwe endaweni).
4. I-DDP (Ukulethwa Kwemisebenzi Ekhokhelwe).
5. Fob (mahhala ebhodini).

Lawa ma-monoterms athandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabameleli bokuhweba ngenxa yokulula kwamagama angaphakathi kokubili kumthengi nomthengisi.

Kodwa-ke, sikuncoma ngokuqinile ukuthi ujwayele wonke ama -noterms ukuze ukwazi ukwenza ukukhetha kwakho ngokuqonda okugcwele kwazo zonke izinqubo.

Sicela ulandele i-FAQ yethu ukuze ube yi-pro ngalesi sihloko.

Ingabe ama-Inoterms 2010 agunyaziwe?

Ikhodi yemithetho ayinaso isimo somthombo womthetho wamazwe omhlaba.

Kodwa-ke, ukuhlinzekwa kwalo kubhekwe ngezezimali ngama-ejensi kahulumeni, kufaka phakathi iziphathimandla zamasiko nezinkantolo, uma inkontileka iqukethe izinkomba ngokulethwa kwezidingo noma izingxabano zokuqondiswa kwezomnotho kwangaphandle.

Ngamanye amagama, kukhombisa imiqondo evamile yendawo yonke, amalungelo nezibopho emkhakheni wokuhweba.

Kwamanye amazwe, idokhumenti iyabopha futhi yathola isimo somthetho.

Le nto ibalulekile ukucubungula lapho uphetha izivumelwano nabahlali.

Kulokhu, amaqembu aphoqelekile ukukhombisa kwinkontileka isigatshana ngokungabaza ukuholwa yizinhlinzeko zesenzo sokulawula, uma kungekho sidingo esinjalo.

Kungani ama-insoterms 2010 ebalulekile?

Uma ufuna ukuba nguchwepheshe ekuhwebeni kwamanye amazwe, kusobala, kufanele ufunde izinto eziningi ngalesi sihloko, okubandakanya ama-incoterms 2010.

Le mithetho isemboza cishe zonke izimo ezaziwayo ezihlobene nokuhamba, imvume yenkambiso, ukungenisa kanye nezinqubo zokuthumela ngaphandle, njll.

Ngubani owadala ama-inoterms 2010?

Ukuthuthukiswa kwama -noterms kuqala kukhulelwa yiChamber Yezentengiso Yezizwe (i-ICC) ngo-1921, futhi lo mbono wafezeka ngo-1936 lapho kuvela khona uhlelo lokuqala lwemithetho ye -notermns.

Ngo-1923, iKomidi lamaKhomidi le-ICC Trade, ngokwesekwa kwamakomidi kazwelonke, athuthukise imithetho eyisithupha yokuqala: Fob, FAS, ifolithi, ngoba, okuyi-C & F, okwakukhona okwakumangalisa imithetho yesikhathi esizayo.

Lokhu bekuyisiqalo somlando omude nowokugcina wemithetho ye -noterms, eqhubeka ngesikhathi sethu.

NgoJanuwari 1, 2011, kwenziwa inguqulo yamanje yemithetho, ama-Inoterms 2010, wethulwa.

Kuyini ama-nototerms 2010 DAP?

I-DAP imele ukulethwa ephuzwini.

Isethi yemithetho isitshela ukuthi umthengisi uphoqelekile ukuhlinzeka umthengi ngemikhiqizo ekhishwe emasikweni athumela ngaphandle futhi alungele ukuthulula ezokuthutha endaweni ebekiwe.

Imithetho ye-DAP ifaka umphakeli isidingo sokukhokha zonke imali nezindleko ezixhunywe nokuhamba kwemikhiqizo endaweni yokugcina.

Yini i -noterms 2010 DDP?

I-DDP yisifinyezo sokulethwa komsebenzi okhokhelwayo.

Ukukhuluma nge-DDP, umphakeli kufanele acubungule konke ukuthekelisa nokungenisa amasiko azokwenza imikhiqizo ilungele ukulayisha kusuka kuhlobo lwezokuthutha olukhethiwe endaweni ethile.

Futhi, umphakeli kufanele acabange ngazo zonke izindleko nezimali ezihlobene nemikhiqizo yezokuhamba, okubandakanya zonke izinqubo ezithumela ngaphandle nezingenisayo.

Qaphela ukuthi le mithetho ayikwazi ukusetshenziswa uma umphakeli angeke aqinisekise ukugcwaliseka kwamasiko okungenisa.

Ngakho-ke, uma amaqembu asafuna ukukhipha izibopho ezinjalo kumphakeli futhi asebenzise imithetho ye-DDP, lokhu kufanele kuchazwe ngokucacile kwinkontileka yokuthengiswa kwezimpahla.

Imithetho ye-DDP iyasebenza esimweni sokuhamba kwezimpahla nganoma iyiphi indlela, noma kufaka uhlobo lwe-multimodal Transport.

Ungabona igama elithi "isithwali" encazelweni ye-DDP yama -noterms.

Kulolu daba, kusho noma yiliphi ibhizinisi elithatha isibopho sokuhlela noma ukuhlinzeka ngezinto zokuhamba zemikhiqizo ngohlobo oluthile lwendlela yokulethwa ngaphansi kwesivumelwano sokuthwala.

Yini ama-Incoterms 2010 FAS?

I-FAS imfushane mahhala emkhunjini.

Ngaphansi kwesivumelwano se-FAS, umphakeli kufanele alethe imikhiqizo ethile eceleni komkhumbi e-Berth ethekwini elicacisiwe.

Igama elithi FAS lingasetshenziswa kuphela lapho lihambisa izimpahla ngolwandle noma nge-inland waterway.

Ingozi yokulahleka noma ukulimala kwezimpahla kudlula kumthengi lapho izimpahla zitholakala eceleni komkhumbi.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko womthengisi ukuthutha izimpahla hhayi nje ethekwini, kepha ku-Berth ekhonjisiwe lapho umkhumbi uhlelwe khona ngumthengi ugobhoza, noma ebhulini (ngaphandle kokulayisha umkhumbi).

Umthengi uphoqelekile ukulayisha izimpahla emkhunjini ohleliwe, ukhokhele izimpahla zomkhumbi, wethulula ethekwini lokufika, enze ukungeniswa kwamasemboni ngokukhokha imisebenzi yokungenisa amasiko nezimali, bese uletha izimpahla endaweni yokugcina.

Kuyini ama-Inoterms 2010 CIP?

I-CIP imfushane ngokuthwala nomshuwalense kukhokhelwe.

Lokhu kweqoqo lemithetho ye-Incoterms 2010 kusikhombisa isimo lapho umphakeli kufanele adlulise izimpahla ezinomshuwalense, ekhishwe kwimodi yokuthumela yomshuwalense, kumphathi wakhetha ngaphambi kokuhambisa izimpahla eza lapho uya khona.

Uma kucatshangelwa imithetho ye-CIP, umthengi uthatha zonke izingozi zomonakalo noma zokulahleka kwemikhiqizo, kanye nezinye izindleko ngemuva kokuthi izimpahla zidluliselwa kumthwali, hhayi lapho izimpahla zifika lapho uya khona.

Zonke izingozi ezivela ngemuva kokulayisha izimpahla zingene emotweni nazo zonke izindleko endaweni okuyiwa kuyo zisatshalaliswa kumthengi.

Kodwa-ke, umphakeli kufanele akhokhele zonke izindleko ezixhumene nezimpahla zemikhiqizo endaweni ethile, yenza imvume yokuthekelisa amasiko okukhishwa kwezimpahla ezithengiswayo kanye nezinye izimali ezweni lokuthumela.

Khumbula ukuthi umphakeli akaphoqelekile ukuqeda izinqubo zenkambiso zokungenisa izimpahla, ukukhokha imisebenzi yamasiko ezokungenisa, nokwenza konke okuxhunyiwe nezinqubo zokungenisa.

Ekugcineni, imithetho ye-CIP ifaka umphakeli wezimali ezithile zomshuwalense.

Leli qembu kufanele likhokhele ubungozi bokulahlekelwa kanye nomonakalo wezimpahla ngesikhathi sokuhamba kumthengi.

Kepha, sicela uqaphele ukuthi ngaphansi kwemithetho ye-CIP, umphakeli ubophekile ukuhlinzeka umshwalense ngokuthola okuncane.

Ngakho-ke, uma ufuna njengomthengi ukuba nomshuwalense ngokumboza okukhulu, kufanele uvumelane ngokuqondile ngalokhu nomphakeli, noma uphetha umshuwalense ongeziwe wedwa.

Ungasebenzisa ngokukhululeka imithetho ye-CIP yokudluliselwa nganoma yiluphi uhlobo lwezokuthutha, kufaka phakathi izinto zokuhamba ze-multimodal.

Esimweni sokuthunyelwa ngabathwali abaningana, umphakeli udlulisela ubungozi bawo ngesikhathi sokudlulisa imikhiqizo kumthwali wokuqala.

Kuyini ama-Inoterms 2010 FOB?

Ake sizame ukuthola ukuthi igama le-fob lisho ukuthini.

Ngakho-ke, i-FOB imfushane mahhala ebhodini futhi isho ukuthi umphakeli ugcwalisa ukulethwa lapho umthwalo udlulisa isitimela somkhumbi ethekwini elibekiwe lokuthumela.

Kungakho zonke izingozi ezixhunyiwe zomonakalo noma ukulahleka kwemikhiqizo nazo zonke izindleko ezifanele zithwalwa ngumthengi kusukela kulo mthengi.

Imithetho ye-FOB isho ukuthi umphakeli kufanele enze lonke imvume endabeni yokuthumela ngaphandle.

Uyacelwa ukuthi ukhumbule ukuthi ungasebenzisa le sethi yemithetho kuphela uma umthwali ehambisa izimpahla nge-Inland Watery noma ezokuthutha zasemanzini.

Endabeni lapho amaqembu engafuni ukuletha imikhiqizo ebhodini, igama le-FCA kufanele lisetshenziswe.

Kusho ukuthini i-FCAnoterms 2010?

I-FCA (Carrier Carriers) ye-FCA) Chaza isivumelwano lapho umphakeli kufanele adlulise khona imikhiqizo edlulisela zonke izinqubo zenkambiso kumuntu ophethe, echazwe ngumthengi, ngegama elithi umthengi.

Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi ukukhetha kwendawo yokulethwa kuzothinta izibopho zokulayisha nokulayisha izimpahla.

Uma ukulethwa kwenzeka ezakhiweni zomhlinzeki noma enye indawo okuvunyelwene ngayo, umphakeli unesibopho sokulayisha imikhiqizo.

Kunconywa ukukhomba iphuzu lokulethwa ngoba ubungozi budlulela kumthengi ngalesi sikhathi.

Yini i-CIF incoterms 2010?

I-CIF (izindleko, umshuwalense kanye nezimpahla) i -noterms 2010 ikhombisa isimo lapho umphakeli kufanele adlulise izimpahla ezinomshuwalense ebhodini lomkhumbi futhi azinikele ethekwini lokuya.

Lesi yisikhathi lapho izibopho zempahla zomhlinzeki zidlulisela kumthengi.

Ngokusho kwemithetho ye-CIF, umthengi uthatha zonke izingozi zokulahleka, kanye nezinye izindleko ngemuva kokuthi izimpahla zibekwe ebhodini lomkhumbi (hhayi lapho izimpahla zifika lapho uya khona).

Esimweni senkontileka ye-CIF, umphakeli unesibopho sokukhokha izindleko nezimpahla ezidingekayo ukuletha izimpahla ethekwini elibekiwe lapho uya khona, yenza imvume yokukhishwa kwamakhasimende empahla yokukhokha kanye nezinye izimali ezweni lokuhamba.

Kodwa-ke, kufanele wazi ukuthi umphakeli onjalo akaphoqelekile ukucubungula amasiko ahlelekile ukungenisa izimpahla noma ukubamba iqhaza kwezinye izinqubo zokungenisa amasiko.

Ekugcineni, imithetho yenkontileka ye-CIF ibuye ibekele kumphakeli isibopho sokuthenga umshuwalense wasolwandle ngokumelene nengozi yokulahleka kanye nomonakalo wezimpahla ngesikhathi senqubo yokuhamba.

Njengecala lesethi ye-CIP yemithetho, umphakeli uyadingeka ukuhlinzeka ngomshuwalense omncane we-Coverage, ngakho-ke uma umthengi efuna ukuba nomshuwalense ngembozo enkulu, kufanele avumelane ngalokhu nangomthengisi, noma afake isicelo sesivumelwano esingeziwe somshuwalense.

QAPHELA: Isethi ye-CIF yemithetho ingasetshenziswa kuphela lapho uhambisa izimpahla ngolwandle noma ezokuthutha zasendlini yangaphakathi. Uma amaqembu engafuni ukuletha imikhiqizo ngale ndlela, kufanele asebenzise inkontileka ye-CIP, eyayivele ishiwo ngaphambili kulesi sihloko.

Yini i-CFR enoterms 2010?

I-CFR imelela izindleko nezimpahla.

Kusho ukuthini?

Lawa magama athi umphakeli uqeda ukulethwa lapho imikhiqizo idlula ebhodini lomkhumbi ethekwini lokuthumela futhi lihanjiswa ethekwini lapho uya khona.

Ngokusho kwesisekelo sokulethwa kwe-CFR, umthengi uthatha zonke izingozi zokulahleka noma ukulimala kwezimpahla, kanye nezinye izindleko ngemuva kokubeka izimpahla ezisedukwini elithile.

Amagama okulethwa kwe-CFR athule kumhlinzeki isibopho sokukhokha izindleko nezimpahla ezidingekayo ukuletha imikhiqizo ethekwini elithile lapho uya khona nokwenza imvume yokukhishwa kwamakhasimende.

Umthengi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kufanele enze amasiko ahlelekile ukuthola izinto zokungenisa, akhokhe imisebenzi yokungenisa amasiko futhi akwenze zonke ezinye izinqubo zokungenisa amasiko.

Igama elithi Cfr Encoterms 2010 lingasetshenziswa kuphela lapho lithutha izimpahla nge-Inland noma ezokuthutha zaseLwandle.

Uma amaqembu angeke alethe izimpahla emkhunjini womkhumbi, imithetho ye-CPT ingcono ukusetshenziselwa.

Yini i-CPPT Moterms 2010?

I-CPT imfushane yenqola ekhokhwa.

Ngokusho kwemithetho ye-CPT, umthengi uthatha zonke izingozi zokulahleka noma ukulimala kwezimpahla, kanye nezinye izindleko ngemuva kokuthi izimpahla zidluliswa ngumthengisi ophethe (hhayi lapho izimpahla zifika lapho uya khona).

Umthengisi kufanele akhokhe izindleko nezimpahla ezidingekayo ukuletha izimpahla endaweni ethile ebekiwe, yenza imvume yamasiko okuthekelisa izimpahla ngokukhokhwa kwayo yonke imisebenzi nezinye izimali ezweni lokuhamba.

Kepha, sicela uqaphele ukuthi umphakeli akaphoqelekile ukwenza amasiko ahlelekile ukungenisa izimpahla, akhokhe imisebenzi yezezimali ehambelana noma ukubhekana nezinye izinqubo zokungenisa.

Lawa magama angafakelwa ukulethwa nganoma iyiphi indlela yokuhamba, kufaka phakathi izinto zokuhamba ze-multimodal.

Endabeni yokuhamba uye endaweni okuvunyelwene ngayo ngabathwali abaningana, ukudluliswa kwengozi evela kumphakeli kuzokwenzeka ngesikhathi sokudluliselwa kwezimpahla kuya kokuqala kwabathwali.

Yini i-exwnoterms 2010?

Imigomo ye-ExW (Ex)

Ngaphansi kwemithetho ye-exw, umphakeli awunasibopho sokulayisha izimpahla emotweni enikezwe umthengi, hhayi zokwenza izinkokhelo zamasiko noma ukucaciswa kwamasiko kwezimpahla ezithunyelwe ngaphandle, ngaphandle uma kuchaziwe ngenye indlela.

Ngokusho kwemithetho ye-exw, umthengi uthwala zonke izingozi nezindleko zempahla ehambayo evela endaweni yomthengisi ukuya endaweni ebekiwe.

Uma amaqembu afisa ukuthi umthengisi athathe umthwalo wemfanelo wokulayisha izimpahla endaweni yokuhambisa futhi athwale zonke izingozi nezindleko zokuthumela okunjalo, lokhu kufanele kuchazwe ngokucacile esivumelwaneni esifanelekile kwinkontileka yokuthengisa.

Igama elithi exw alikwazi ukusetshenziswa lapho umthengi engakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yokuthumela ngaphandle.

Yini i-datnoterms 2010?

I-DAT isifinyezo sokulethwa esigungwini.

Le nhlanganisela yemibandela ithi umthengisi kubhekwa ukuthi ufeze izibopho zakhe lapho izimpahla zikhishwa ngokobukhosi bezinkomba zithululwa ezithuthweni bese zibekwa kumthengi e-terminal okuvunyelwene ngayo.

Igama elithi "i-terminal" ngesisekelo sokulethwa kwe-DAB lisho noma iyiphi indawo, kufaka phakathi indawo yokuhlala ye-Air / Auto / Rail cargo, i-Berth, indawo yokugcina izinto nokunye.

Imibandela yokulethwa kwe-DAT yokulethwa ibeka kumthengisi zonke izingozi ezihambisana nokuhambisa izimpahla nokuzilayisha endaweni ebekiwe.

Futhi, umthengisi unesibopho sokukhokha izindleko nezimpahla ezidingekayo ekulethweni kanye nokulayishwa kwezimpahla kwisiginali esibekiwe, yenza imvume yokuthumela amasiko ngokugcwele.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umthengi ubophekile ukwenza amasiko asemthethweni okungenisa futhi akhokhe zonke izinkokhelo ezixhunyiwe noma imisebenzi.

Imibandela ye-DAT ingahle isetshenziswe ekuthwaleni kwezimpahla nganoma iyiphi indlela yokuhamba, kufaka phakathi izinto zokuhamba ze-multimodal.

Yikuphi ukuthutha okuningi kwe-multimodal endabeni yeminye imithetho ye -noterms?

Ukuchazwa kwe-Multimodal Transposation kusetshenziselwa ukuthutha kwemikhiqizo ngaphansi kwesivumelwano nesithwali esisodwa kusetshenziswa izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuhamba.

Umthwali unelungelo lokusebenzisa ukuthutha kwabanye osonkontileka, kepha yonke imithwalo yemfanelo ilele ngosonkontileka ojwayelekile, okuzohanjiswa kuye ukuthuthwa kwayo.

Inhlangano yokuhamba kwe-multimoral yemikhiqizo kufanele iqale ngokuhlelwa komzila ophelele.

Cabanga ngokucophelela uhlelo lwezikhathi olunamaphuzu alayisha ngokweqile bese uyeka lapho.

Ukuhamba kwe-multimodal kungasetshenziswa ezimweni ezilandelayo:

• Lapho kungekho ukuxhumana okuqondile ngemodi eyodwa yokuhamba phakathi komphakeli kanye nomhlinzeki;
• Ukuxhumana okuqondile ngemodi eyodwa yezokuthutha akufanelekile ngenxa ye-consignee ngenxa yentengo ephezulu noma isikhathi eside sokulethwa.

I-Consignee ingaku-oda nokuhamba ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene ezivela kubathwali abaningi; Lolu hlobo lokuhamba lubizwa nge-intermodal.

Kunomehluko othile phakathi kwezokuthutha ze-multimodal nezomhlaba.

Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-multimodal, eyokugcina inezinkinga eziningana:

1. Inani lenhlangano nemaphepha liyanda.
2. Kunzima kakhulu ukuthola iqembu elinecala uma izimpahla zazingatholwa hhayi ngesikhathi, noma esimweni esiphelele.
3. Uma abathwali bengasebenzisi ukuthutha kwabo, intengo iphakeme, njengoba inani lama-ejenti nezimali zabo ze-ejenti ziyanda.

Yini ama-incoterms 2010 we-air / Road / Trail ezokuhamba?

Leli qembu lifaka imigomo exw (EX Works), i-FCA (Carriers yamahhala), i-CPT (Carriers ekhokhwayo

Zingasetshenziswa noma ngabe akukho okuthunyelwe nhlobo.

Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi la magama angasebenza futhi lapho umkhumbi usetshenziswa ngokwengxenye ngesikhathi sokuhamba.

Yini ama-incoterms 2010 ezokuthutha zasemanzini?

Imithetho elandelayo isetshenziselwa ukuhamba kwezilwandle zasemanzini nasezinhlabeni kuphela:

1. Fas (mahhala eceleni komkhumbi).
2. Fob (mahhala ebhodini).
3. I-CFR (izindleko nezimpahla).
4. I-CIF (umshuwalense wezindleko kanye nezimpahla).

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwama-noncoterms 2000 nama-Incoterms 2010?

Okokuqala, ngo-2010 'Moterms Edition Inani lamagama lancishiswa lisuka ku-13 layi-11.

Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, kwethulwa izikhundla ezintsha ezimbili (DAP ne-DAT).

Futhi amagama amane athandwayo aqedwa (i-DAF, DES, Deq, ne-DDU).

Eqinisweni, igama elithi dat (ukulethwa e-terminal) lithatha indawo yethemu.

Kodwa-ke, isethi yemithetho e-dat, ngokungafani no-deq, isebenza ezokuthutha ze-multimodal.

Ngokusho kochwepheshe be-Logistics, ukulethwa kwi-TET terminal kuhambelana kakhulu nakho konke kokusebenza kwezinto ezikhona ethekwini.

Igama elithi

Ingena esikhundleni semigomo emithathu (i-DAF, DES, DDU).

Ekhuluma nge-FOB, CFR, ne-CIF, ubungozi nezindleko zibekwe ngendlela entsha.

Kuma-insoterms 2000 ubungozi budlula ngemuva kokulethwa kwenziwe ohlangothini lomkhumbi.

Kuma-incoterms 2010, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukudluliswa kwezingozi kwenzeka ngemuva kokulayishwa okugcwele kwemithwalo ebhodini lomkhumbi.

Ungahlola ama-nonoterms 2000 ngalesi sixhumanisi.

Ngabe i-Nototerms 2010 isetshenziselwe ukuthunyelwa kwasekhaya?

Yebo, ama-Incoterms 2010 angafaka isicelo sokuhamba ekhaya nasemazweni aphesheya.

Ingabe ama-incoterms 2010 amboza isihloko sokudlulisa?

I-Incoterms 2010 ikakhulukazi iqoqo lemithetho exhunywe nokuhamba kanye nezimali zenkambiso nezinqubo.

Kungakho lawa magama angacacili ubunikazi noma ukudlulisa isihloko ezimpahleni, noma aqukethe imithetho yokukhokha.

Yikuphi ama-Encoterms 2010 athandeka kakhulu kumthengisi / umthengi?

Njengoba ukwazi ukuthi usuvele ucabange, imithetho ehlukahlukene ye-Incoterms 2010 ingaba inzuzo kubathengi nomthengisi ngomehluko omncane.

Lapha sizozama ukuthola izimbotshana ezinhle kakhulu zamaqembu anjalo.

Ake siqale nabathengi.

I-FOB kufanele ibe yikhethelo lakho # 1 ngoba ngaphansi kwale mithetho umphakeli kufanele ashiye imikhiqizo ethekwini, elungiselelwe futhi elungele ukuhamba kwamanye amazwe.

Njengomthengi, kufanele uqashe inkampani yokuthumela.

Lokhu kukunikeza ukulawula okuphelele kwazo zonke izindleko nokuxhumana kokulethwa kwezimpahla.

Imibandela ye-FOB ivumelana nezimo kakhulu futhi ilusizo.

Futhi, abathengi bangasebenzisa i-exw ne-DAP ngempumelelo enkulu, noma kunjalo, la masethi adinga ukuqonda okuhle kwemithetho nemigomo yokuhweba.

Ngokuqondene nabaphakeli, i-CPT noma imithetho efanayo lapho izimpahla zidluliselwa khona kwisithwali ngaphandle kokuthumela izinqubo ezithumela ngaphandle kufanele zenze kahle.

I-Incoterms 2010 ne-Revenue Reantition: Ngabe le miqondo ixhumeke kanjani komunye nomunye?

Uyacelwa ukuthi ukhumbule ukuthi ama-Inoterms 2010 awazange abhalelwe ukuqashelwa kwemali kanye ne-ICC (International Chamber of Commerce) kusho ukuthi akusikho lokho abakwenzayo.

Bamboza kuphela izinqubo zokulethwa kwezidingo, ukudluliselwa kwengozi, ukungenisa / ukuthumela izinto kanye nokunye okuncane kakhulu.

Lapho kuzodalwa imithetho elandelayo yemithetho?

Umsebenzi ngaphansi kwesethi entsha yemithetho ye -noterms sekuqalile.

Ngokusobala, bazophuma ngo-2020.

Hlobo luni lwezibopho zomshuwalense olungatholakala kuma-inoterms 2010?

Kufanele ukhumbule ukuthi ama-nototerms amabili we-2010 kuphela (CIF, CIP) ahlinzeke ngomshuwalense wezimpahla, okufanele ahlelwe futhi akhokhelwe umphakeli.

Empeleni, kungaba nzima impela ukukhomba umzuzu ohambweni lapho kuvela khona umonakalo.

Ngakho-ke kunconywa kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukulethwa ethemuni yokugcina indawo yokugcina impahla.

Futhi, umshuwalense wezimpahla kuleli cala ngokuvamile ahlanganisi ukulahleka okuqhubekayo, njengemiphumela yokungqongqoza yomthengi elahlekelwe umnqamulajuqu wesivumelwano noma isizini yokuthengisa.

Uma ufisa, lobu bungozi bungafakwa esivumelwaneni somshuwalense.

I-Inoterms 2010 ishadi lomthwalo: Kuyini?

I-Incoterms 2010 ishadi lomthwalo luwuhlelo olusebenzayo olukhombisa yonke imigomo endaweni eyodwa, ngokuqhathanisa okucacile kwemithetho yesethi ngayinye yemigomo.

Ungabona ishadi lokuqhathanisa esithombeni esingezansi.

Yimaphi amagama wokukhokha esimweni se -noterms 2010?

Kufanele wazi ukuthi ama-Inoterms 2010 awaqukethe noma yiluphi uhlobo lwemigomo yokukhokha exhunywe ngokuthengwa kwezimpahla.

Ngakho-ke, amagama okukhokha endabeni yama -notermrs abhekisele kuzo zonke izindleko nezimali zenqubo yokuhamba nenqubo yokuhamba.

Ngingasitholaphi isifundo esilula se -noterms 2010?

Kunzima ukusho enye futhi kuphela indlela engcono yokufunda ama-nototerms kalula.

Kunezincwadi eziningi eziwusizo namavidiyo kwiWebhu engakusiza ukuthi ujwayele kakhulu ama -noterms 2010.

Isibonelo, ungabheka le vidiyo ye-YouTube uma ufuna umhlahlandlela olula ochazayo kulesi sihloko.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwezinkontileka ze-CISG nama-Inoterms 2010?

Akukho ukuxhumana okucacile phakathi kwezinkontileka zokuthengiswa kwezimpahla zomhlaba wonke (i-CISG) kanye ne-Incoterms 2010.

I-CISG iqoqo lemithetho esebenzayo yokuthengisa izimpahla phakathi kwamabhizinisi akhiwe emazweni ahlukene.

Ama-Incoterms aqoqo lemithetho (hhayi imithetho ephoqelekile) evele acacise amalungelo afanele nezibopho ezihambelana nezinto zokuhamba nokulethwa kwezimpahla (hhayi kumaphakathi nje kodwa ngezinjongo zasekhaya).

Ungasebenzisa womabili ama-CISG nama-nototerms kwimikhuba yakho yokuhweba.

Ingabe ama-Inoterms 2010 AMAPHEPHA LAPHO CALTION umsebenzi wangokwezifiso?

Yebo, kunendaba enkulu ngoba umsebenzi wokungenisa kanye nentela ekhokhwayo ubalwa kulandela inani eliphelele lokuthumela, okubandakanya izindleko zezimpahla ezingenisiwe, izindleko zempahla yomshuwalense kanye nezindleko zomshuwalense.

Kungakho kungenzeka ukonga ngenani elincane lentela uma wenza izindleko ezinhle zemithwalo.

Ingabe ama-Inoterms 2010 adingekayo kwi-invoice yokuthengiselana komngcele wokuhambisa umngcele? Noma ngingakhipha i-invoice ngaphandle kwale migomo?

Njengoba bekushiwo phambilini kule FAQ, kusetshenziswa ama-incoterms 2010 akuphoqelekile.

Ungakhipha i-invoice ngaphandle kwemigomo inqobo nje uma elinye iqembu livunyelenwe ngalo nalo.

Ngingakwazi ukusebenzisa ama-Incoterms 2010 ku-Alibaba / Aliexpress?

I-Incoterms 2010 ingasetshenziswa ngabahlinzeki be-Alibaba, iningi lawo labakhiqizi bangempela.

Kodwa-ke, ngeke ubone ama-notempers endabeni ye-AliExpress ngoba yonke inqubo yokuhamba nezinqubo zezinkonzo sezivele zitholile abathengisi be-AliExpress kanye nabathwali (ungakhetha kuphela uhlobo lomthwali lapho u-oda ku-AliExpress).

Buza uchwepheshe mayelana nama -noterms manje

Uma ufuna ukumba kuwo wonke ama -noterms, ngicabanga ukuthi ungaqhubeka nokufunda lo mhlahlandlela. Uzoba uchwepheshe mayelana nezinyoni.

Ingxenye engcono kakhulu:

Noma ngabe umusha ekuhanjisweni kwamanye amazwe noma ufuna ukuqabuleka ngemininingwane yama -noterms, ngihlelile.

Njengomdlulisela wempahla onolwazi, ama-akhronimi abhalwe phansi amathathu yindebe yami yansuku zonke yetiye.

Njengoba ukuhambisa kusuka eChina kuyibhizinisi eliyinkimbinkimbi, kubalulekile ukuthi uqonde amagama akwaThiba, izindleko ezihlobene kanye nezingozi nokuthi konke kukuthinta kanjani.

Lapho uhweba ngesivumelwano se-International Sales Actom, kufanele ube uzimisele ngemibandela yokuthengisa maqondana nentengo yokuthengisa.

Ngakho-ke, ukunciphisa ukudideka okungadingekile, ukusetshenziswaInitenyaCo-okweliciOkhombisa ukucinga, i-serial evame ukwamukelwa kwamanye ama-terminologies aphesheya kwezilwandle.

Ama-Incotermrs yimithetho endisiwe eyenziwe nguIgumbi lomhlaba jikelele lezentengiso(I-ICC), ecacisa amagama asetshenziswa kakhulu e-International Trade Meand.

ICC

Amagama okuhweba ahlangana eduze nomhlangano we-UN ngezinkontileka zokuthengiswa kwezimpahla zomhlaba wonke.

Baqashelwa futhi baphoqelelwa yizo zonke izizwe ezibalulekile zokuhweba.

Ama-Encoterms angukuzithandela, okuqinisekayo, okwamukelwa emhlabeni wonke futhi ahambisana nombhalo wokuchaza izibopho zakho.

Futhi, lowo mthengisi wakho ngesikhathi sokuthwala izimpahla ezinkontilekeni ezithengiswayo zokuhweba kwamanye amazwe.

Bahlose ukuchaza ngokucacile ubungozi, izindleko, kanye nemithwalo yemfanelo ehambisana nokuhanjiswa kwezimpahla.

Kepha, kuhle ngikwenze wazi ukuthi ama-nomboterms amane nje engxenye yesivumelwano sonke sokuhweba se-International Trade Trade Tradention.

Abasho lutho ukwenza ngentengo okufanele bakhokhelwe izimpahla noma indlela yokukhokha okufanele isetshenziswe ekuthengiselweni.

Yini enye?

Ama-Incoterms awambozi ukudluliswa kobunikazi bezimpahla, isikweletu sezimpahla noma ukwephulwa kwenkontileka.

Kufanele unakekele lezi zinkinga kwinkontileka yakho yokuthengisa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama -noterms awakwazi ukweqa noma yimiphi imithetho ephoqelekile.

Ama-Incoterms achaza phakathi kwakho nomhlinzeki wakho waseChina, obhekele:

• Imvume yokuba okuthile kwenzeke
• Ukuhamba kwezimpahla

Futhi, obekezelela ubungozi bezimo zezimpahla ngandlela thile ngesikhathi sokuhamba.

Ama -noterms

Kodwa-ke, akuphoqelekile ukuthi ubahlanganisa kwinkontileka yakho.

Kepha lapho kufakwa, inkontileka yakho yokuthengisa kufanele ibonise ukubuyekezwa kwamanje kwama-insoterms:I-Incoterms 2010.

Yize ungafaka ama-incoterms 2000

Ngilungiselele lo mhlahlandlela ophelele we-Incoterms 2010 onesipiliyoni esincane noma awunaso isipiliyoni sokuphatha ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.

Inikeza imininingwane eningiliziwe, ngokuqondakalayo ichaza i -noterm ngayinye.

I-Incoterms 2010

Ukubuyekezwa kwakamuva kwamagama wezohwebo aphesheya,I-Incoterms 2010, yaqala ukusebenza ngoJanuwari 1, 2011, futhi yakhiwa ngama-nototerms ayi-11.

I-Incoterms 2010 ihlele imithetho eyi-11 ibe yizigaba ezimbili ngokuya ngeIndlela yokulethwa:

1. Imithetho yanoma iyiphi indlela yokuhamba eyakha imigomo:

• I-ExW (isebenza)
• I-FCA (Isithwali Samahhala)
• I-CPT (Carrier Carricer ekhokhwa)
• I-CIP (Carrier Carriers nomshuwalense ikhokhelwe)
• Dat (ukulethwa ku-terminal)
• I-DAP (ilethwe endaweni), futhi
• I-DDP (I-Deviced Duty ekhokhelwe)

2. Imithetho yemigwaqo yaseLwandle nase-Inland Water kuphela eyakha imigomo:

• I-FAS yamahhala eceleni komkhumbi)
• I-FOB (mahhala ebhodini)
• I-CFR (izindleko nezimpahla), futhi
• CIF (umshuwalense wezindleko kanye nezimpahla)

2010 Incoterms

Singakwazi futhi ukuhlanganisa ama-nomboterms abe yizigaba ezine ngokuya ngeiphuzu lokulethwa.

• Qembu "E"- Kufaka (exw)

Iphuzu lokulethwa yizakhiwo zomthengisi.

• Qembu "F" -Kubandakanya (FOB, FAS & FCA)

Iphuzu lokulethwa liphambi noma kuze kufike emkhunjini ophambili wokuhamba, ophethe okhokhelwa ongakhokhelwa yi-consugror noma umthengisi.

• Qembu "C"(CFR, CIF, CPT & CPP)

Iphuzu lokulethwa lize lize futhi lingele umkhumbi omkhulu wokuhamba, ophethe okhokhelwa yi-Consugror.

• Qembu "D"(DAP, DET & DDP)

Iphuzu lokulethwa yindawo yokugcina.

Ngamafuphi, ngaphansi kwamagama aqala ngohlamvu C noma D, umthengisi unesibopho sokuphothula isivumelwano nenkampani yenkampani yenethiwekhi / yokuthumela.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngaphansi kwemibandela eqala ngohlamvu e noma f, nguwe umthengi okholelwa ophethe.

Umthengi nomthengisi

Umthengisi kufanele aqinisekise ukuthi usesimweni sokuthola imikhiqizo evela kumthwali oya othathweni ogama lakhe likhona lapho enza khona imoto.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kubaluleke ngokukhethekile ngokuqondene nenkontileka yokuthumela.

Kufanele ulethe amadokhumenti kumphakeli, onjengomthethosivivinywa wokulayisha, ozokuvumela ukuthi ukhethe izimpahla ezivela kumhambisi.

Vele lokhu kungemuva kokunikeza okwangempela kwemibhalo ukushintshana ngezimpahla.

Uma umphakeli wakho waseChina wenza isivumelwano sokuthwala nenye yemigomo ye-D, kufanele baphethe izimpahla kuze kube yilapho iphuzu lokulethwa.

Kungumsebenzi wabo ukuqinisekisa ukulethwa okuphumelelayo kwezimpahla endaweni yakho eya overywayo.

Uma kwenzeka kunenkinga eza ngesikhathi sokuhamba, (umthengisi) aphatha ubungozi.

Ngokuphambene nalokho, ngaphansi kwemigomo eqala nge-Incwadi C, umphakeli wakho unesibopho sokuhlela nokukhokhela inqola kuphela.

Ngakho-ke, uma kwenzeka inkinga iza ngesikhathi sokuhamba, nguwe obekezelela ubungozi.

Amaqembu e-Incoterms

I-ExW (isebenza), i-FOB (Mahhala

Noma kunjalo, kunokuningi okuphathelene nalezi ezinye izindlela zokufunda.

Njengoba zingama-terminologies ezingokomthetho, ezibhalwe ngokubukwa okusemthethweni, amagama ezentengiso aphesheya angaba yinkimbinkimbi noma angaqondakali kalula.

Ukwenza isinqumo esingalungile kungahle kube nomphumela wokuthumela kwakho ubusuku obubi.

Ngalesi sizathu, ngilungiselele le mihlahlandlela ephelele ye-Noncoterms 2010 ukwenza ukuthunyelwa kwakho kusuka ku-china kulula futhi kube lula.

Ake siqonde ngqo emithethweni eyi-11 yama-Insoterms 2010 - Akufanele yini thina?

I-CIF - Izindleko, Umshuwalense, Nezimpahla

Uma usebenzisa imigomo ye-CIF yokuthumela evela eChina, ngumthengisi onomthwalo wemfanelo wokwenza:

i.Dlulisa imvume

II.Ukumboza umshwalense

III.Izindleko ezinkulu zokuhamba ethekwini eliqokiwe lapho uya khona

I -noterm isebenza kuphela ngezindlela ze-inland nezasolwandle zokuhamba.

I-CIF Incoterm - Photo Courser: Imibandela Yezentengiso Yezizwe

Izibopho zikaMthengisi (Isifinyezo)

Ngezansi kungenye yezibopho eziphambili zomthengisi:

· Amalayisense kanye nemibhalo yamasiko

Ngengozi yabo nezindleko, umthengisi uthola wonke amalayisense entengo adingekayo e-Export Customs namaphepha.

Baphinde bakhokhe imisebenzi edingekayo yokuthumela ngaphandle kanye nentela.

· Carring Carring

Umhlinzeki wakho unesibopho sokuhambisa nokufaka izimpahla ezikuthemuni lapho uya khona.

Kodwa-ke, lapho umthwalo wempahla uwela ujantshi womkhumbi echwebeni lapho uya khona, uthatha isikweletu sokulahleka noma ukulimala.

Ngingakuncoma ukuthi uphikelele kwinqubomgomo yomshuwalense ekuvumela ukuthi ufake isimangalo ngqo kwinkampani yomshuwalense.

· Ukulethwa

Umthengisi unegunya lokuhambisa izimpahla eza ethekwini lakho lapho uya khona.

Ukulethwa kubhekwa njengokwenzile uma izimpahla ziye zangena echwebeni lakho lokuya egama.

Izindleko

Umhlinzeki wakho uhlanganisa zonke izindleko zokuhamba, umshuwalense futhi wonke amacala ahlobene nokuthumela ngaphandle eChina.

Izibopho zomthengi (Isifinyezo)

Ngezansi kunezinye zezibopho ezinkulu zomthengi:

· Amalayisense kanye nemibhalo yamasiko

Njengomthengi, ugunyaziwe ukwenza futhi uhlangane nazo zonke izindleko ezihambisana ne-Protocol ye-NOPTECT

· Carriale

Unesibopho sokuhamba kwezimpahla ezivela ethekwini elishiwoyo lokufika endaweni yokugcina yokulethwa.

· Ukudluliswa kobungozi

Uthatha isibopho sengozi yokulahleka noma ukulimala kusuka ngokushesha lapho kuthunyelwa khona okuwela ujantshi womkhumbi ethekwini lokufika.

Izindleko

Unesibopho sawo wonke amacala aphathelene nezimpahla kusukela ngesikhathi zidonswa ethekwini lakho lapho uya khona.

Amacala afaka ukulayishwa, ukuphatha echwebeni, kanye nokungenisa imali ekhokhwayo yokuthola imvume yokungenisa.

Naphezu komthengisi obhekene nesibopho sokuthola nokuhlangana nomshuwalense ngesikhathi sokuthumela, ungahle ube "nentshisekelo engasho lutho" ngokushesha nje lapho umthwalo ufinyelela echwebeni lapho uya khona.

Ngingancoma ukuthi uthole isembozo somshuwalense owengeziwe wezimpahla ngenkathi uzihambisa endaweni yakho yokugcina.

Isibonelo sokuthi ungabala kanjani intengo ngaphansi kwemigomo ye-CIF

Ungangena kwinkontileka yokuthengisa nenkampani yokuhweba eChina ukukunikeza ngamabhentshi angama-2000 ebhentshi.

Umphakeli unesibopho sokuhambisa imikhiqizo kwisikhungo esiphethe.

Umthengisi wakho (inkampani yokuhweba) ithola izimpahla ezivela kumenzi ezinamanani azoI-VAT invoicee-I-117 RMBnge-bench clamp ngayinye.

Thatha umenzi ujabulela isilinganiso sembuyiselo ye-VAT ye-5%, ephumela ngaphakathi117/117x0.05 = 5 RMBUkubuyiselwa kwemali ngeyunithi ngayinye.

Uma, ngokwesibonelo, umthengisi wakho ufuna ukwenza inzuzo enetha12 RMB ngakunyeI-Bench Clamp, bese wenza okungeziwe12 - 5 = 7 RMBkufanele ingezwe ngentengo yeyunithi.

Thatha ukulunga okulinganiselwa, imvume yenkambiso, kanye nezindleko zokuhlola izimpahla eziphelele ku2 RMBkuyunithi ngalinye; ke theInani lentengo le-FOBkufanele kube117 + 7 + 2 = 126 RMB.

Uma isilinganiso sokushintshanaI-1 USD = 6 RMB, intengo ye-FOB izoba126/6 = 21 USD.

Ngezikhathi ezithile isivumelwano sithi iphuzu lokulethwa lisendaweni yokugcina yomthengisi.

Lapho-ke izindleko zokuhamba zisuka endaweni yokugcina izimpahla ziye esitokisini esishisayo, esithathwa ukubaI-0.6 rmbEkwenyeleni ngakunye, kufanele kukhokhwe kuwe.

Ngakho-ke, intengo ye-FOB kufanele ibe njaloI-126 RMB + 0.6 RMB = 126.6 RMB, okuguqula21.1 USDngokwezinga lokushintshana.

Futhi kucatshangelwa izindleko zemithwalo yesitsha esingu-20 'endaweni yakho2000 USD,na-Amayunithi angama-2000yeBench Clamp angalingana esitsheni esisodwa esingu-20. Ngakho-ke isilinganiso sezindleko sezimpahla ze-bengch clamp ngayinye zizoba1 USD.

Ngakho-ke,CFR = FOB + Freight = 21 + 1 = 22 =(21.1) + 1 = 22.1Usd

Qaphela:Intengo kumabakaki yilapho iphuzu lokulethwa lisendaweni yokugcina yomthengisi.

Lapho izindleko zomshuwalense zisebenza njengo-0.8 / 100 zabalelwa ku-110% yenani le-invoice, khona-ke izindleko zomshuwalense zingabalwa njenge:

22 (22.1) x 1.1 x0.008 = 0.19 USD

Ngakho-ke,CIF = CFR + Umshuwalense Izindleko = 22 / (22.1) + 0.19 = 22.19 / (22.29IsihlehlukeneUsd

I-EX isebenza (exw)

Ngaphansi kwe-exw, umthengisi ubeka izimpahla ngaphakathi kokufinyelela kwakho noma ezakhiweni zazo noma esitokisini.

EkO

Ngemuva kokulethwa kuleli phuzu, uzothatha zonke izingozi nezindleko ezivela kumthengisi.

Futhi, kubalulekile ukuthi uyazi ukuthi le nnoterm isebenza kuzo zonke izindlela noma ezokuhamba ze-multimodal.

Izibopho zikaMthengisi (Isifinyezo)

Nazi ezinye zezibopho eziphambili zomthengisi ngaphansi kwe-Exw Incoterm:

· Amalayisense kanye nemibhalo yamasiko

Esicelweni sakho, ubungozi kanye nezindleko, umthengisi kufanele anikeze usizo ekutholeni amalayisense, amadokhumenti nezimvume uzodinga ukuthekelisa futhi ungenise imikhiqizo.

· Carriale

Kufanele wazi ukuthi leli gama alibongile umthengisi ukunikela ngemithwalo yezimpahla.

Izindleko

Umthengisi uhlanganisa zonke izindleko kuze kube yilapho imikhiqizo ibekwe ngaphakathi kokufinyelela kwakho, ezimweni eziningi ezakhiweni zomthengisi noma esitokisini sesitsha.

Lezi zindleko zihlanganisa ukufakwa kwamanye amazwe noma isitifiketi sokuhlolwa (uma kunesidingo.)

I-exw insoterm

Izibopho zomthengi (Isifinyezo)

Eminye imithwalo yemfanelo eyinhloko yomthengi ngaphansi kwe-ExW Incoterm ifaka:

· Amalayisense namaphepha enkani

Engcupheni yakho kanye nezindleko zakho, unomthwalo wokuthola konke ukuthekelisa okudingekayo nokungenisa amalayisense, izimvume, imibhalo, imisebenzi kanye nentela.

· Ukudluliswa kobungozi

Uthatha yonke ingozi yokulahleka noma ukulimala kusuka lapho umthengisi ebeke izimpahla ngaphakathi kwakho.

Izindleko

Umboza zonke izindleko ezalandela kusukela lapho umthengisi enza izimpahla zitholakale kuwe.

Kubandakanya noma yiziphi izindleko ngenxa yokuthi wehluleka ukuthola izimpahla ngesikhathi sokulethwa.

Uzobona ukuthi abathengisi basebenzisa umthetho we-EX Work lapho benza isilinganiso sokuqala sokuthengisa imikhiqizo yabo.

Imelela intengo yezimpahla kususa noma yiziphi izindleko ezengeziwe.

· Isibonelo sendlela yokubala intengo ngaphansi kwemigomo ye-exw

Ngisazosebenzisa isibonelo esedlule kulesi simo:

Uthenga imibhede embhedeni ngokusebenzisa inkampani yokuhweba evela kumkhiqizi eChina, futhi intengo ku-invoice ye-VATI-117 RMB.

Ngoba umenzi uyayijabulela aIzinga elingu-5% yokubuyiselwa kwemali, ukubuyiselwa kwemali kwentela yawo wonke amayunithi117/117x0.05 = 5 RMB.

Futhi ake sithi umthengisi wakho (inkampani yokuhweba) ifuna inzuzo enetha12 RMBngeyunithi ngayinye, bese kunye12 - 5 = 7 RMBkufanele ifakwe kwintengo.

Ngakho-ke, inani lentengo leyunithi ngalinye kufanele libe117 + 7 = 124 RMB. Ake sithi izinga lokushintshanayi-1 USD = 6 RMB, intengo ye-exw kunjalo124/6 = 20.67 USDnge-bench clamp ngayinye.

Isithwali samahhala (FCA)

Le ncwadi idinga ukuthi umthengisi asule izimpahla zokuthumela ngaphandle bese zibakhulula kwisithwali esinegama njengoba kuqondiswe nguwe.

Leli gama lilungele zonke izindlela noma izindlela eziningi zokuhamba.

Ocishe

Izibopho zikaMthengisi (Isifinyezo)

Eminye imithwalo yemfanelo ebalulekile yomthengisi ngaphansi kwe-CFA Incoterm ifaka okulandelayo:

· Amalayisense namaphepha enkani

Umthengisi uyadingeka engcupheni futhi ebizayo ukwenza zonke izimiso zokuthumela ngaphandle, kufaka phakathi ukuthola amalayisense adingekayo, izimvume kanye nokukhokha imisebenzi nentela.

· Carriale

Umthengisi akudingekile ukunikela ngezokuhamba ngemuva kokuthi zilethe izimpahla kumphathi wakho omisiwe.

· Ukulethwa

Umthengisi ucatshangelwa ukuthi ulethe imikhiqizo uma sebezilayishe kwinethiwekhi yakho enikeziwe noma bazinikele ku-Freight Preary yakho ebekiwe noma othwala.

Izindleko

Umthengisi uhlanganisa zonke izindleko kuze kube yilapho ehambisa izimpahla ku-Carriers yakho ebekiwe noma odlulayo.

Izibopho zomthengi (Isifinyezo)

Kulesi sontoterm, umthengi unemithwalo yemfanelo elandelayo:

· Amalayisense namaphepha enkani

Uyacelwa ukuthi wenze futhi uhlangabezane nezindleko zazo zonke izinto ezihleliwe ezihambisana nokungenisa, okubandakanya ukuthola amalayisense adingekayo, izimvume kanye nemisebenzi ekhokha kanye nentela.

· Carriale

Uphethe izinto zokuhamba kusukela lapho umthengisi ehambisa izimpahla kumthwali.

· Ukudluliswa kobungozi

Uthatha isibopho sengozi yokulahleka, ukweba noma ukubhujiswa ngemuva nje komthengisi kuhambisa izimpahla kumthwali.

Izindleko

Uthatha umthwalo wemfanelo wokubiza kanye nomshuwalense ngokushesha ngemuva kokuthi umthengisi eselethe izimpahla kumthwali.

"Isithwali" sinencazelo ebanzi ebanzi futhi ebanzi.

Isithwali singaba yinkampani yezindiza, inkampani yamaloli, ujantshi, noma umugqa wokuthumela.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umuntu ophethe angaba ngumuntu noma inkampani enikeza izindlela zokuhamba, njenge-ejenti yokudlulisela izimpahla.

Mahhala eceleni kwe-Shipping (FAS)

Le ncwadi inika umthengisi ukuthi enze umsebenzi wokuthumela amasiko athumele ngaphandle bese ehlela ukulethwa kwezimpahla eceleni komkhumbi wokuthumela obizwa ngegama elibizwa ngegama elithi turment.

Amafa

Leli gama liyasebenza ezindaweni ezingaphakathi ezweni kanye nezindlela zasolwandle zokuhamba kuphela.

Izibopho zikaMthengisi (Isifinyezo)

Izibopho eziphambili lapha zifaka:

· Amalayisense namaphepha enkani

Umthengisi uyadingeka engcupheni futhi ebizayo ukwenza zonke izinqubo eziphathelene nokuthekelisa kufaka phakathi ukuthola amalayisense, izimvume, imibhalo kanye nemisebenzi yokuthumela ngaphandle kanye nentela.

· Carriale

Umthengisi unikeza kuphela inqola yangaphambi kokuqala.

· Ukulethwa

Ukulethwa kwezimpahla kubhekwa njengenziwa lapho umthengisi ethola imikhiqizo eceleni komkhumbi ngesikhathi okuvunyelwene ngaso.

Izindleko

Umthengisi unakekela zonke izindleko aze abeke umthwalo eceleni komkhumbi wokuthumela ogama.

Izibopho zomthengi (Isifinyezo)

Izibopho ezinkulu zifaka okulandelayo:

· Amalayisense namaphepha enkani

Uyacelwa ukuthi wenze zonke izinqubomgomo zokungenisa, kufaka phakathi ukuthola amalayisense afanele, izimvume zemibhalo kanye nokukhokha imisebenzi yokungenisa kanye nentela.

· Carriale

Uthatha umthwalo wemfanelo wokuhamba kusuka echwebeni lokuhambisa elibizwa ngegama.

· Ukudluliswa kobungozi

Ingozi yokulahleka noma yokubhujiswa idlula kuwe kusukela lapho umthengisi ebeka izimpahla eceleni komkhumbi wokuthumela ogama.

Izindleko

Umboza zonke izindleko zezokuthutha kanye nomshuwalense kusukela kumthengisi wemizuzu ubeka imikhiqizo eceleni komkhumbi wokuhambisa.

Mahhala ebhodini (fob)

I-FOB TEMT yenza umthengisi abe nomsebenzi obhekele ukukhishwa kwamasiko okukhishwa kwamakhasimende nokulethwa kwempahla yakho ebhodinise umkhumbi wokuthumela ogama elithi igama elithi

Le nnoterm isebenza ekuhanjisweni kwe-inland kanye ne-marine yamanzi kuphela.

Indle

Izibopho zikaMthengisi (Isifinyezo)

Izibopho eziphambili zomthengisi zifaka:

· Amalayisense namaphepha enkani

Umthengisi ubopha ubungozi babo futhi abize zonke izinqubo zokuthekelisa, okubandakanya ukuthola amalayisense afanele, izimvume, amadokhumenti kanye nemisebenzi ekhokha kanye nentela.

· Carriale

Umthengisi unikeza ukuthutha ahambe futhi alayishe izimpahla emkhunjini ogama layo.

· Ukulethwa

Umthengisi ubhekwa njengokwenzile ukulethwa uma sebelayishe izimpahla emgodini wokuthumela ogama lakhe ethekwini elibekiwe kanye nesikhathi esihleliwe.

Izindleko

Umthengisi unakekela zonke izindleko kuze kube yilapho izimpahla zigibele isitsha sokuthumela esibekiwe.

Izibopho zomthengi (Isifinyezo)

Nazi izibopho eziphambili zomthengi eFob Incoterm:

· Amalayisense namaphepha enkani

Uyacelwa ukuthi wenze zonke izinqubomgomo zokungenisa, kufaka phakathi ukuthola lapho kusebenza khona, amadokhumenti, amalayisense, izimvume futhi ukhokhele imisebenzi kanye nentela.

· Carriale

Uphethe ukuthuthwa kwezimpahla kusuka ethekwini lokuthumela eliqanjwe kulo ukuya endaweni yakho yokugcina.

· Ukudluliswa kobungozi

Ingozi yokulahleka, ukwebiwa noma ukulimala kudluliswa kusuka kumthengisi kuwe uma izimpahla zisebhodini umkhumbi wokuthumela.

Izindleko

Uhlangabezana nazo zonke izindleko zokuhamba kanye nomshuwalense kusuka kumthengisi wesikhathi somthengisi kulayisha izimpahla eziku-Vessipning Vesping.

Kwezinhlobo ezithile zemithwalo, kuzofanela wenze eminye imisebenzi ngaphambi kokuba umkhumbi usuka ethekwini lokuthumela.

• Ukugwaza nokushaya- Ukubeka ukuthunyelwa ngokufanele emkhunjini (ukulungisa ukuqina komkhumbi, ezinye izimpahla ezilayishiwe, njll.) Nokuthola ukuthunyelwa ukugwema ukunyakaza kwayo olwandle.
• Dumala- Balancing & Ukuthola Ukufakwa Kwezimpahla Zokupakisha, Ama-Airbags njll.

Noma kunjalo, umthetho we-FOB awumbozi le misebenzi - umthengisi ufinyelela umthwalo wakhe wemfanelo lapho umthwalo "olayishwa ebhodini."

Ngakho-ke uma kwenzeka lokhu kudingeka umthwalo othile futhi kufanele kwenziwe ngumphakeli, ungabhala igama elithiUFob wagcotshwa wagwazwa.

Okusemqoka, qinisekisa ukufaka umthwalo walezi zindleko kwinkontileka yezentengiso.

Kuya ngokuthi ngubani obhekele izindleko zokulayisha, ukuhluka okuthile kwe-FOB kuvame ukusetshenziswa njengokuthi:

• Fob linerIgama libonisa ukuthi umuntu oxazulula izindleko zokulayisha yiqembu (wena) elibhekele izindleko zokuthumela. Leli gama liyefana nalelo liner freight.
• FOB Ngaphansi KhanhlangothiKubonisa ukuthi umthengisi ubeka izimpahla ngaphakathi kokulahlwa kokunye okuthengiswayo komkhumbi wokuthumela, futhi uhlanganisa izindleko zokulayisha ngemuva kokuba izimpahla ziphakanyiswa.
• FOB STED, FOBS,Kubonisa ukuthi umthengisi unesibopho sokulayisha umthwalo wempahla ebhodini umkhumbi wokuthumela, futhi amboze zombili izindleko zokulayisha nokugoba.
• FOB FRIMMed, FOBT, kukhombisa ukuthi umthengisi unesibopho sokulayisha umthwalo wempahla ebhodini lokuthumela, futhi amboze womabili amacala okulayisha namacala okunciphisa

Isibonelo sendlela yokubala intengo ngaphansi kwemigomo ye-FOB

Ngisazosebenzisa isibonelo sethu sangaphambilini salo mfanekiso:

Ake sithi ufaka imali yokuhweba nenkampani yokuhweba eChina ukukunikeza ngezingubo zokulala eziyi-2000.

Imithombo yenkampani ye-oda lakho kusuka kumkhiqizi obhekene nentengo ngayinye kwi-invoice ye-VATI-117 RMB kanye ne-17% VAT.

Umkhiqizi uthokozela inani lokubuyiselwa kwemali yentela engu-5%, okusho ukubuyiselwa kwemali kwentela yawo wonke amayunithi we-beam clamp117 / 1.7x0.05 = 5 RMB.

Thatha inkampani yokuhweba ifuna inzuzo enetha kuyunithi ngalinye ukuze libe12 RMB, bese kungeziwe12-5 = 7 RMBkufanele ifakwe kwintengo.

Imvamisa, iphuzu lokulethwa okuchazwe yisivumelwano liseTort egama elinegama lokuthumela kanye nomthwalo obhalwe phansi komkhumbi oqokiwe.

Inkampani yokuhweba kufanele ibe nesibopho sokubiza okungaphambi kokuthwala esitokisini, okuyintoI-0.6 rmbngeyunithi ngayinye.

Isho ukukhishwa kwenkambiso, ukugxusha, ukuhlolwa kwezimpahla, ukuphathwa kwe-dock nezindleko zokuphatha ezibulalayo ziyi-2 RMB ngayinye iyunithi ngayinye.

Ngakho-ke,I-FOB Price ingu-117 + 0.6 + 7 + 2 = 126.6 RMB.

Ake sithi sisebenzisa isilinganiso sokushintshana kweI-1 USD = 6 RMB,Intengo ye-fob yokugcina kanjalo126.6 / 6 = 21.1 USD.

I-FOB iphakathi kwemithetho yokuvuselela esetshenziswa kabi kakhulu ye-Encoterms 2010.

Leli gama kufanele lifaka isicelo ngezindlela zasolwandle zasemanzini nasezincwadini zasemanzini zokuhamba kuphela hhayi zomoya noma ukuthunyelwa kwamaloli.

Umugqa we-NYK

Ngaphezu kwalokho, leli gama lisebenza ezimpahleni ezingaholwanga kuphela.

Ngakho-ke uma usebenzisa i-FOB njengamanje ukuthola okuqukethwe, cabanga ngemibandela yokuthumela ye-FCA.

Izindleko Nezimpahla (CFR)

Lapho kuthunyelwa ngaphansi kwalezincwadi, umphakeli wakho unesibopho sokukhishwa kwenkambiso eChina nasekuthwaleni amacala ethekwini lapho ogama lakhe.

Leli gama lisetshenziselwa kuphela ukuthuthwa kwamanzi waseManzini nase-Inland.

Izibopho zikaMthengisi (Isifinyezo)

Izibopho eziphambili lapha zifaka:

· Amalayisense namaphepha enkani

Umthengisi uvikeleka ezingozini zabo futhi abize wonke amalayisense okuthekelisa, izimvume, amaphepha, imisebenzi kanye nentela.

Futhi, yena wenza zonke izinqubo zokuthumela ezethunyelwa ngaphandle.

· Carriale

Umthengisi uboshelwe ngokusemthethweni ukuhlela ngokuphelele ukuthutha izimpahla ethekwini lakho elibekiwe lokuya.

Kepha, lapho nje imikhiqizo iwela ujantshi womkhumbi ethekwini lokusuka, uba nesibopho sokulahleka, ukweba noma ukulimala.

· Ukulethwa

Umthengisi uqeda isibopho sokulethwa komzuzwana alayisha ukuthunyelwa kwakho emgodini wokuthumela echwebeni eliphumayo.

Izindleko

Umthengisi uhlanganisa zonke izindleko zokuhamba ethekwini lokuya ogama layo.

Izibopho zomthengi (Isifinyezo)

Lapha, izibopho ezinkulu zifaka:

· Amalayisense namaphepha enkani

Ugunyazwe ukwenza zonke izinqubo zokungenisa futhi unakekele zonke izindleko kufaka phakathi imisebenzi nentela.

· Carriale

Unesibopho sokuthwala ethekwini lapho uya khona endaweni yakho yokugcina.

· Ukudluliswa kobungozi

Kufanele wazi ukuthi ukudluliswa kwengozi kusuka kumthengisi kuya kuwe kwenzeka ngokushesha izimpahla ziwele ujantshi womkhumbi ethekwini lePortment Port.

Izindleko

Uphethe noma yiziphi izindleko ezengeziwe kusukela lapho izimpahla zifinyelela ethekwini lakho lapho uya khona.

Yize umthengisi kungenzeka angakhokhi ngokusemthethweni ukuthunyelwa ngokusemthethweni uma sebenqamula ujantshi womkhumbi ethekwini eliphumayo, bangagcina 'intshisekelo engasho lutho "phakathi nohambo.

Ngalesi sizathu, ngincoma ukuthi bathenge isembozo somshuwalense owengeziwe.

Isibonelo sendlela yokubala intengo ngaphansi kwemigomo ye-CFR

Ngizosebenzisa isibonelo lapho uthenga khona ngokuqondile kumenzi esikhundleni senkampani yokuhweba.

Sizosebenzisa ukuhleleka okufanayo kwe2000Ama-Bed Clamp afakwe esitsheni esisodwa esingu-20, futhi ufuna intengo ye-CFR Sydney.

Izindleko ezilinganiselwayo zokwenza iyunithi le-clamp embhedeningu-56 rmb.

Masicabange ukuthi umenzi ufuna inzuzo ye-netI-5RMBkanye nemali yokufaka ngeyunithi ngayinyengu-2 rmbNgakho-ke, intengo yefektri yazo zonke izingxenye ze-bemp embhedeni izobaI-63 RMB.

Ake sicabange izindleko zenqola efektri ziye kwisithambisiI-2000 RMB, okusho1 RMBngeyunithi ngayinye.

Uma izindleko zokukhishwa kwamanani okuthekelisa amasiko, ukuphathwa kwe-terminal, ukugxusha kanye namanani okuhlola okuthiI-4000 RMB,okusho ukuthi izindleko2 RMBnge-clamp embhedeni ngayinye.

Ngakho-ke, intengo ye-FOB = Intengo yefektri (I-63 RMB) Izindleko zokuthwala (1 RMB) + Amacala echweba (2 RMB) =66 RMB.

Cabanga ukuthi sibala lezi zindleko zisebenzisa isilinganiso sokushintshana kweI-1 USD = 6.6 RMB, khona-ke uzokhokha intengo ye-FOB ye66 / 6.6 = 10 USDnge-clamp ngayinye yombhede.

Ngoba icala lempahla yesitsha esingu-20 'esivela eChina liye eSydneyI-2000 RMB, ngakho-ke icala lokuthwala izimpahla ngakunye2000USD / 2000 amayunithi = 1 USDngeyunithi ngayinye.

Ngakho-ke,Intengo ye-CFR = Intengo Fob + Izindleko zemithwalo = 10 + 1 = 11 USDngeyunithi ngayinye ye-clamp embhedeni.

Ukuthwala kukhokhelwe (CPT)

Ngale-Inoterm, umthengisi wenza izithembiso zokuthumela amasiko kanye nenqola endaweni oya kuyo.

Uthatha zonke izingozi zokulahleka, ukwebiwa noma ukucekelwa phansi kusukela lapho umthengisi enikeza izimpahla kumthwali oyinhloko.

Ivitha

I-CPT Ithemu isebenza kunoma iyiphi indlela yokuhamba

Izibopho zikaMthengisi (Isifinyezo)

Kulesi sontoterm, izibopho zomthengisi zifaka okulandelayo:

· Amalayisense namaphepha enkani

Umthengisi uthola engcupheni yabo kanye nezindleko zonke amalayisense okuthekelisa, izimvume, imisebenzi kanye nentela.

Baphinde basebenze zonke izinqubo zokuthumela ngaphandle.

· Carriale

Umthengisi uphethe izinto zokuhamba eziya kwisiginali esibekiwe noma ethekwini lapho uya khona.

· Ukulethwa

Umthengisi ubhekwa ukuthi ulethe izimpahla kuwe uma ebanikezela kumthwali oyinhloko.

Izindleko

Umthengisi unakekela wonke amacala aze afike ezimpahleni afike e-terminal yokulethwa noma ethekwini, kodwa alayishwe.

Izibopho zomthengi (Isifinyezo)

Njengomthengi, izibopho zakho zizofaka okulandelayo:

· Amalayisense namaphepha enkani

Unesibopho sokunakekela konke okuhlelekile okuhlobene nokungenisa, kufaka phakathi imvume yenkambiso kanye nokukhokha imisebenzi yokungenisa kanye nentela

· Carriale

Awukho ngaphansi kwesibopho sokuhambisa izinto eziphambili zempahla.

· Ukudluliswa kobungozi

Uqala ukuba nesibopho sengozi yokulahleka, ukwebiwa noma ukulimala kusukela ngesikhathi imikhiqizo inikelwe kwisithwali sokuqala.

Izindleko

Unesibopho sanoma yiziphi izindleko ezengeziwe ngemuva kokuthi umthengisi esethathe izimpahla endaweni okuvunyelwene ngayo.

Noma wena noma umphakeli unesibopho sokuhlinzeka ngomshuwalense ngesikhathi sokuhamba, nobabili ungaba nentshisekelo engasho lutho.

Ngenxa yalokhu, ngincoma ukuthi uthenge isembozo se-Marine Insurance.

Endabeni yokuhamba kwe-multimodal, ubungozi busuka kumthengisi kuwe lapho umthengisi ehambisa imikhiqizo kwisithwali sokuqala.

Ukuthwala nomshuwalense kukhokhelwe (CIP)

Lapha, umthengisi unakekela ukukhishwa kwamasiko okuthekelisa, ukumbozwa komshuwalense, kanye nokuthwala ekwakheni okunegama.

Kepha njengomthengi, unesibopho sakho konke ubungozi bokulahlekelwa, ukweba noma ukulimala kusuka lapho umthengisi athumela izimpahla kumthwali oyinhloko.

I-CIP ibuye iwe phakathi kwama-noncoterms asebenza kunoma iyiphi imodi yokuhamba.

Izibopho zikaMthengisi (Isifinyezo)

Njengomthengisi, izibopho zakho zizofaka okulandelayo:

· Amalayisense namaphepha enkani

Umthengisi uthola engcupheni yabo kanye nezindleko zabo bonke amalayisense afanele abangemuva, imisebenzi, intela, izimvume nezinqubo zokuthumela ngaphandle.

· Carring Carring

Leli gama ligunyaza umthengisi ukuthi ahlelele ukuhanjiswa okuyinhloko kanye nomshuwalense wesembozo sezimpahla zakho kuze kube sezingeni lokulethwa.

Okusemqoka, umshuwalense kufanele akuvumele ukuba ufake isimangalo uqobo kusuka kumshuwalense.

· Ukulethwa

Umthengisi ubhekwa njengephothule ukulethwa uma esethumele izimpahla ubeya kumhambisi omkhulu.

Izindleko

Umhlinzeki wakho eChina uhlanganisa izindleko zomshuwalense kuze kube yilapho ethekwini eliqokiwe lapho uya khona.

Izibopho zomthengi (Isifinyezo)

Izibopho ezinkulu zomthengi zifaka:

· Amalayisense namaphepha enkani

Unesibopho sokuhlangabezana nazo zonke izindleko ezihambisana nezinqubo zokungenisa ezibandakanya imisebenzi kanye nentela.

· Carriale

Le nnoterm ayikubongeli ukuthi unikeze ukuthutha ethekwini eliqokiwe noma ethekwini lapho uya khona.

· Ukudluliswa kobungozi

Uthatha isikweletu sokulahleka, ukwebiwa noma ukulimala ngokushesha ngemuva kokuthi umthengisi eselethe izimpahla kumthwali oyinhloko.

Izindleko

Unesibopho sanoma yiziphi izindleko ezengeziwe ngemuva kokuthi izimpahla zikhishwe ethekwini eliqokiwe noma ethekwini.

Dat - Kuthunyelwe ku-terminal

Le nnotterm ibopha umthengisi ukuthi amboze zonke izindleko ezihlobene nokuthola imikhiqizo yakho kwi-ukuphela endaweni eya endaweni ebekiwe.

Izindleko zibuye zimboze ukulayisha kusuka emgqonyeni wokufika kwezithuthi.

-Sinyani

Uma ufuna ama-nomboterms angafaka isicelo kunoma iyiphi imodi noma izindlela eziningi zokuhamba, khona-ke i-DAT ingenye yezinketho zakho.

Izibopho zikaMthengisi (Isifinyezo)

Izibopho eziphambili zomthengisi zifaka okulandelayo:

· Amalayisense namaphepha enkani

Umthengisi uthola engcupheni yabo kanye nezindleko zabo bonke abathola amalayisense okuthumela ngaphandle, imisebenzi, intela, izimvume, kanye nezinqubo zokuthumela ngaphandle.

· Carriale

Umphakeli wakho ubophezelekile ukuthutha futhi aqinisekise ukuthi izimpahla zitholakala kuwe e-ukuphela lapho uya khona.

Futhi, kufanele athulule umthwalo ovela emkhunjini wokuhamba.

· Ukulethwa

Umthengisi uqeda ukulethwa ngemuva kokuthumela izimpahla kusuka kumthwali osendaweni yokufika noma ethekwini.

Izindleko

Umhlinzeki wakho uhlanganisa zonke izindleko kuze kube yilapho isizinda sokuya khona, esihlanganisa noma yikuphi ukuphathwa kwezindleko nezinye izindleko ezihambisanayo.

Izibopho zomthengi (Isifinyezo)

Izibopho zakho njengoba umthengi zizofaka okulandelayo:

· Amalayisense namaphepha enkani

Unesibopho sokuziphatha futhi ukhokhele zonke izinqubo ezihlobene nokungenisa iziphakanyisiwe kufaka phakathi imvume yezezimali kanye nemisebenzi yokuthumela ngaphandle kanye nentela.

· Carriale

Awunacala ekuhleleni izinto zokuhamba eziphambili zempahla

· Ukudluliswa kobungozi

Ingozi idluliselwa kumthengisi kuwe ngemuva kokwenza izimpahla zitholakale kuwe esigungwini.

Izindleko

Le nnoterm ikwenza ube nesibopho kunoma yiziphi izindleko ezalandela ngemuva kokuthi umphakeli athumele ukuthunyelwa endaweni oya kuyo.

Ngaphambi kokuthi sithuthele ekubuseleni okulandelayo kwe-Encoterms 2010, ngibona sengathi kubalulekile ukukwazisa nge- "Delivel Ex Quay" (deq).

Abanye abahlinzeki eChina bangase bakhethe ukuyisebenzisa.

UDeq wangenye yezincwadi ezingama-2000 zemithetho edinga ukuthi umthengisi alethe imikhiqizo kwi-wharf ethekwini lokufika.

Kodwa-ke, i-DET yangena esikhundleni segama kwinguqulo ye-Incoterms 2010.

Ukuchazwa kokuthunyelwa kwama-reay

Njengoba ngivezile ngenhla, uDeq wayeyigama lokuhweba elichazwe yi -noterms 2000 Revisotion.

Uyabona ukuthi ingxenye ye- "D" ye -noterm yakwenza kwaqhamuka kumthengisi.

Umthengisi wayenomthwalo wazo zonke izingozi nezindleko aze alethe izimpahla njengoba kukhonjisiwe esivumelwaneni sokuthengisa.

Deq

Ukulethwa okushiwo yi-ex quay kusho ukuthi umthengisi bekufanele alethe izimpahla kwi-wharf futhi ngenxa yalokho zisebenza ngezindlela zasolwandle zasemanzini nasezinzweni zasemanzini.

Yabhalwa njengomsebenzi wakho wakhokhwa noma ongakhokhelwa ngokuya ngesivumelwano.

I-Deq kwakuyindlela yokulethwa komkhumbi wangaphambili (des).

Ngaphansi kwe-des term, umthengisi wakunika izimpahla kuwe zikugibela umkhumbi wokuthumela ethekwini lapho uya khona.

Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-DEQ yadinga umthengisi ukuthi athumele imikhiqizo kwi-WHARF.

Ukuze usebenzise i-deq, umthengisi wakho bekufanele abe nelayisense lokungenisa noma avunyelwe ngokusemthethweni ukuletha ezweni lakho.

Bekukhona kuMthengisi ukuqeda yonke imibhalo esemthethweni nezinqubo ezidingekayo ekuthuthweni kwemikhiqizo kwi-WHARF ezweni lakini.

I-DAT Rule ithathe indawo ye-deq kuma -noterms 2010 Revisotion.

I-DAT igama elibanzi kune-deq selokhu "i-terminal" ebhekisiwe ingaba yindawo, kungaba emgwaqweni wamanzi noma edokodo lolunye uhlobo lwendlela yokuhamba.

I-DAP - Ihanjiswa endaweni (... Igama eliqanjwe ndawo)

Le ncotterm ibopha umthengisi ukuletha izimpahla endaweni ekhethiwe lapho uya khona (iningi lomnyango wakho), ukulungele ukulayisha kusuka ezindleleni zokuhamba.

Isishukupho

I-DAP ikunikeza umthwalo olinganiselwe njengoba unesibopho sokungenisa imvume yokungeniswa kwamasiko.

Uma i-DDU ibiyi-nomboter yakho ethandwayo yokuthumela, khona-ke unesibambiso e-DAP.

Izibopho zikaMthengisi (Isifinyezo)

Izibopho zakho zizofaka:

· Amalayisense namaphepha enkani

Umthengisi uthembisa engcupheni yabo kanye nezindleko zazo zonke izinqubo zokuthumela, imisebenzi kanye nentela.

· Carriale

Umthengisi wenziwa ebhekene nokuhamba kwezimpahla endaweni eya lapho uya khona.

· Ukulethwa

Umthengisi uqeda isibopho sokulethwa ngesikhathi lapho ehambisa imikhiqizo endaweni yakho eya kuyo lapho uya khona, yize ethuliwe.

Izindleko

Umthengisi unesibopho sazo zonke izindleko kuze kube yilapho ehambisa ukuthunyelwa endaweni eya endaweni ebekiwe.

Izibopho zomthengi (Isifinyezo)

Izibopho zakho njengoba umthengi zifaka:

· Amalayisense namaphepha enkani

Njengobengenisa ngaphakathi, unesibopho sazo zonke izinqubo ezihlobene nokungenisa iziphakanyisiwe kubandakanya nokwenza amaphepha amasiko, ukuthola amalayisense afanele kanye nemisebenzi ekhokha kanye nentela.

· Carriale

Leli gama lingenamthwalo wemfanelo kuwe njengokuhamba kwezimpahla ezithintekayo.

· Ukudluliswa kobungozi

Kufanele wazi ukuthi uqala ukukhonkotha zonke izingozi ngemuva kokuba umthengisi ekutholile impahla yakho endaweni esendaweni ebekiwe.

Izindleko

Uqala ukuba nesibopho sanoma yiziphi izindleko kusuka lapho umthengisi eselethe izimpahla endaweni eya endaweni ebekiwe.

Abanye abathengisi eChina basakhetha ukusebenzisa imithetho yokuvuselelwa kwama-2000 kwizinkontileka zabo zokuthengisa.

Ngakho-ke usengathola imigomoDaf, des,na-Ddu.

NakubaIsishukuphouthathe imigomo.

Kubalulekile ukuthi ngenze ukuba uwaqonde ukugwema izinkinga ngesikhathi sokuthumela.

Kuthunyelwe e-Frontier (DAF)

I-Incoterms DAF yenza umthengisi obhekele ukuthwala izimpahla endaweni ebekiwe emngceleni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthengisi naye wayephethe wonke amaphrothokholi amasiko okuthumela kanye nemibhalo, kubandakanya nemisebenzi nentela.

Inyompela

UDAF wasetshenziswa kakhulu emgwaqweni omkhulu noma ezokuhamba kwezitimela, kodwa wakwazi ukusetshenziswa kwezinye izindlela zokuhamba.

Kuthunyelwe umkhumbi we-EX (DED)

Uma uthumela imigomo ye-DES, indawo yokulethwa isesikhunjeni ethekwini lapho uya khona, futhi kusebenza ngezindlela zasolwandle zasemanzini nasezinzweni zokuhamba kuphela.

Ngaphansi kwe -noterm, umthengisi wabhekwa njengowokuletha izimpahla uma nje azifaka ebhodini lokuthumela ethekwini lapho uya khona.

U

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubungozi nezindleko zokuhamba kwemikhiqizo kuya ethekwini lapho uya khona.

Ukulethwa komsebenzi ongakhokhelwa (DDU)

Ukuhanjiswa kusuka eChina ngaphansi kwamagama e-DDU kusho ukuthi umthengisi ubephethe ukuthwala okuhle endaweni eya endaweni ekhethiwe, enomsebenzi ongakhokhelwa.

Ubenesibopho sokulayisha ngoba umthengisi uzuze isibopho sakhe sokulethwa ngemuva kokuthola izimpahla kuwe zikugibela umkhumbi wokuthumela lapho uya khona.

Njengoba ubona, leli gama likwenzile ukuthi unesibopho sokulayisha, ukungenisa imvume yenkambiso, nazo zonke ezinye izindleko ezalandela.

Ngoba umshuwalense uyingxenye ebalulekile lapho kuthunyelwa phesheya kwezilwandle, imigomo ye-DDU iphoqelela umthengisi ukuthi ahlele umshuwalense wasolwandle wezimpahla.

Ukulethwa komsebenzi okukhokhelwe (i-DDP)

Nayi enye i -noterm ekushiya unesibopho esincane.

Nge-DDP, umthengisi unesibopho sazo zonke izindleko ezihlobene nokuthola izimpahla endaweni yangakini, esusiwe ukungenisa noma kungalayishwanga emkhunjini.

I-DDP - Photo Courser: Trade Ezezimali Global

I -noterm isebenza kunoma iyiphi indlela yokuhamba.

Izibopho zikaMthengisi (Isifinyezo)

Njengomthengisi wakho, izibopho zakho zizofaka okulandelayo:

· Amalayisense namaphepha enkani

Engcupheni yabo kanye nezindleko zabo, umthengisi uthola konke ukuthekelisa nokungenisa amalayisense okungenisa amalayisense, imibhalo, imisebenzi kanye nentela.

· Carriale

Umthengisi uboshelwe ngokomthetho ukuthutha izimpahla endaweni eya ekuqondeni kwakho.

· Ukulethwa

Ukulethwa kwezimpahla kuqediwe lapho umthengisi esebalethile endaweni oya kwaqanjwa, kepha ayilayishwanga emkhunjini wokuhamba.

Izindleko

Umthengisi unesibopho sazo zonke izindleko aze anikele ngemithwalo endaweni yakho ebekiwe, ikakhulukazi umnyango wakho.

Izibopho zomthengi (Isifinyezo)

Njengomthengi, izibopho zakho zifaka okulandelayo:

· Amalayisense namaphepha enkani

Uyadingeka ukunikela, esicelweni sakho sabahlinzeki, usizo ekutholeni ukuthekelisa okudingekayo nokungenisa amalayisense, amaphepha, kanye nezimvume.

· Carriale

Ngokusekelwe ekuthuthweni kwezimpahla, igama elithi akubeki umthwalo wemfanelo kuwe.

· Ukudluliswa kobungozi

Uthatha zonke izingozi zokulahleka, ukweba noma ukubhujiswa ngemuva kokuthi umthengisi uthumele ukuthunyelwa kuwe endaweni ebekiwe lapho uya khona.

Izindleko

Zonke izindleko ezilandelayo ngemuva kokuthi umphakeli alethe imikhiqizo ngaphakathi kokufika lapho uya khona.

Nayi ishadi lezethenjwa elisheshayo le -noterms 2010;

I-Ref esheshayo. kuma-insoterms

Ukuqhathaniswa kwama-noncoterms

Kulesi sigaba, ngizoqhathanisa izinhlobo ezahlukene ze -noterms ongayicabanga ngokuthumela kwakho okulandelayo kusuka eChina.

Umehluko phakathi kwama-cofircs CIF ne-CIP

Nakhu konke okudingeka ukwazi:

· Imodi yokuhamba

I-CIF ingasebenza kuphela ekuhambeni kwasolwandle ePort-to-Port Marine.

I-CIP isebenza kuzo zonke izindlela zokuhamba ezihlanganisa umoya, ulwandle, ujantshi, umhlaba kanye nokuhamba kwe-multimodal.

· Ukulethwa

Ngaphansi kwemibandela ye-CIF Umthengisi uhambisa imikhiqizo esebhodini umkhumbi wokuthumela echwebeni lokulayisha.

Ngaphansi kwemibandela ye-CIP Umthengisi uhambisa imikhiqizo kumthwali noma komunye umuntu okhethwe ngumphakeli endaweni okuvunyelwene ngayo uma nobabili nivumelana ngendlela yokulethwa.

· Ukudluliswa kobungozi

Ngaphansi kwamagama e-CIF ngokudluliselwa kwezingozi kwenzeka lapho esitsheni ethekwini eliphumayo.

Ngaphansi kwemibandela ye-CIP Ukudluliselwa kwezingozi kwenzeka ngemuva kokulethwa kwezimpahla kumthwali.

Ukulayisha nokulayisha izindleko

Ngaphansi kwemibandela ye-CIF iqembu elibangela iqembu lincike ekuhlukaneni kwethemu.

Ngaphansi kwe-CIP Izindleko zimbozwe umphakeli, ngaphandle kokuguquguquka.

Imibhalo ye-Carrience

Ngaphansi kwama-CIF amagama amadokhumenti akha i-Bill of Lading ye-Inland Watery nasezithuthweni zasolwandle.

Ngaphansi kwemibandela ye-CIP Amadokhumenti akha i-Bill of Lading ye-Inland, Earine, Air, Rail kanye NezokuThutha ze-Multimodal.

· Igama lapho uya khona

Kokubili i-CIP ne-CIF igama lendawo lapho kufanele lengezwe ngemuva kwethemu.

Umehluko phakathi kwe-CPT ne-CFR:

Ngaphambi kokuthi ngikukhanyisele umehluko phakathi kwalezi zinto ezimbili, ake ngikwazise okokuqala okufana kakhulu phakathi kwalokhu okubili.

Ukuqhathanisa ama-Incoterms 2010

• Kokubili i-CPT ne-CFR yimigomo yokuthumela lapho umthengisi edingeka kuphela ukuletha izimpahla ngohlelo kodwa, akudingekile ukuthi aqinisekise ukufika kwazo kuHlelo.
• Ngaphansi kwawona womabili imigomo, umthengisi unesibopho sokuhlelwa nokukhokhwa kwezindleko zokuthwala.
• Ukudluliswa kwengozi kuwo womabili ama-monotermrs kwenzeka ngemuva kokuthi umthengisi ehambisa ukuthunyelwa komthwalo kumthwali.

Manje ake sibheke umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwama-CPT ne-CFR Moterms.

· Imodi yokuhamba

I-CPT isebenza kuzo zonke izindlela zokuhamba

I-CFR isebenza ekuthuthweni kwezithuthi zasemanzini naseya enhlabathini kuphela

· Beka ukulethwa

Ngaphansi kwemibandela ye-CPPT, indawo yokulethwa incike kwimodi yokuhamba.

Ngaphansi kwama-CFR ngemigomo, indawo yokulethwa echwebeni eliphumayo.

· Ukudluliswa kobungozi

Ku-CPT, ubungozi budluliswa ngemuva kokuthi umthengisi athathe umthwalo ophethe ophethe.

Ku-CFR, ukudluliswa kwengozi kwenzeka lapho izimpahla ziwela ujantshi womkhumbi.

Umehluko phakathi kwe-FCA ne-FOB

I-FOB inesikhathi eside kubahwebi abayintandokazi ye -noterm.

Kepha, ngenxa yentshisekelo ekhulayo ekuhanjisweni kwesitsha, izinto zokuhamba ze-multimodal zidonsele ukunakwa kwabathengisi abaningi.

FCA vs. Fob - Photo Coundery: FBabee

Ngalesi sizathu, i-ICC emihlanganweni yabo ye-Enoterms 2010 Revisotion yathuthukiswa imithetho ye-FCA, efanelekile ukuthunyelwa okuqukethwe.

Njengoba sengichazile vele, ngaphansi kwemigomo yokuthumela ye-FCA, umthengisi uhlela ukunqotshwa kwangaphambi kwendawo yokulethwa, okuyilapho ophethe ethola izimpahla.

Ngaphansi kwemibandela ye-FOB, umthengisi uhlela ukuthwala kwangaphambilini kuze kube yilapho izimpahla zisegibeni umkhumbi wokuthumela.

· Ukuchazwa kwemithetho ye-FOB kanye ne-FCA ngama-Incoterms 2010 Revision

Umthetho we-FOB usebenza ekuthuthweni kwezithuthi zasemanzini nasezincwadini zasendlini kuphela.

Isibopho sokulethwa sanelisekile ngokushesha lapho umthengisi elayisha umthwalo emgodini wokuthumela oqokiwe ethekwini lakho eliqokiwe lokuthumela.

Ngemuva kokuthi umthengisi ebeke izimpahla ezisesikebheni, ingozi yokulahlekelwa noma yokubhujiswa iguqulwa kuwe.

Okusho ukuthi unesibopho sakho zonke izingozi ezilandelayo nezindleko.

Lokhu kwenza ukuthi i-FOB ayifanele ukuthengiselana lapho kudluliswa khona ubungozi ngaphambi kokuba izimpahla zisebhodini.

Njenge lapho umthengisi eqeda ukulethwa e-terminal yesitsha. Esimweni esinjalo, kufanele usebenzise imigomo yokuthumela ye-FCA.

Umthetho we-FCA ulungele izindlela ezizodwa noma ze-multimodal zokuthumela.

Ukuzinikezela Kuqediwe lapho umthengisi ethola izimpahla kumthwali wakho ophakanyisiwe noma odlulayo endaweni egama elinegama.

Kufanele usho iphuzu lokulethwa ngoba kulapho ingozi yokulahleka noma ukulimala okuvela kumthengisi kuwe.

· Ukufana kwimithwalo yemfanelo yomthengisi ngaphansi kwemigomo yeFOB kanye ne-FCA

Njengamanje kufanele ubone ukuthi womabili amagama ama-F Fnoterms weqembu.

Ngakho-ke, babelana ngokufana okufanayo maqondana nezibopho zomthengisi.

Kokubili i-FOB ne-FCA kungokweqembu le-F Fnoterms yeqembu.

· Izibopho zomthengisi jikelele

Ngaphansi kokubili kwe-FOB ne-FCA Rule, umthengisi uyadingeka ukunikeza le:

• Imikhiqizo
• I-invoyisi yezentengiso
• Amarisidi noma izitifiketi ezingezekayo ngokuya ngesivumelwano sokuthengisa

Uma nobabili nivuma, khona-ke amarekhodi we-elekthronikhi anemithelela elinganayo yezomthetho ingafakwa esikhundleni salokho.

· Izivumelwano zomshuwalense kanye nomshuwalense

Lapho kuthunyelwa ngaphansi kwamagama we-FOB noma i-FCA, umthengisi akaphoqelekile ngokomthetho ukwenza izinto zokuhamba eziphambili ethekwini lakho lokuya.

Kodwa-ke, umthengisi usengahlelela ukuthunyelwa uma kunesicelo esinjalo sokuhweba noma esicelweni sakho engcupheni yakho nezindleko.

Umthengisi, kuzona zonke, unelungelo lokuncipha ukungena kwinkontileka yenkohliso yize kufanele bakwazi ukuxhumana nawe ngesikhathi.

Icala elifanayo lisebenzisa izinkontileka zomshuwalense; Umthengisi akaphoqelekile yizo zombili izindlela ukuhlinzeka ngomshuwalense wezimpahla.

Kepha, uma ucela engcupheni yakho nasezindleko zakho, umthengisi kufanele akunikeze lonke ulwazi olufanele oludingekayo ukuvikela umshwalense.

· Izimali ezizongenisa izimali mpompiyutha kanye nezinqubo zokusulwa kwenkambiso

Umthengisi uphethe ngokuphelele ubungozi kanye nezindleko zokuthola isitifiketi sokuthumela ngaphandle noma eminye imibhalo ehlelekile.

Uphinde wenza futhi amaphrothokholi amasiko athunyelwa ngaphandle kwezimpahla zakho ezi-oda.

Imvume yokuba okuthile kwenzeke

Kusekuthengisweni ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nazo zonke izindleko zemisebenzi yezenkolo, izintela kanye nezinye izinqubo zenkambiso ezidingekayo ngesikhathi sokuthekelisa.

· Isibopho sesaziso

Inqobo nje uma unesibopho sobungozi nezindleko;

I-FOB OFUMELLS ikhoqa umthengisi ukuthi ikunikeze i-anatiso enemininingwane futhi efika ngesikhathi mayelana nokulethwa kwezimpahla ngokuhambisana nenkontileka yokuthengisa.

Ngokufanayo, amagama we-FCA agunyaza umthengisi ukuthi akhiphe nge-ISAZISO esiphelele nefika ngesikhathi.

Okungukuthi, noma ngabe izimpahla, ngokuya ngeNkompiyutha Yokuthengisa, zihanjiswe kumthwali njengoba kuhleliwe noma cha.

· Ukulethwa okusobala

Amagama wokuthumela we-FOB kanye ne-FCA awela ngaphansi kwesigaba sokulethwa okungokomfanekiso ngoba umthengisi uqeda ukulethwa ngaphandle kokuxhumana ngqo.

Umthengisi uletha izimpahla kumthwali, noma alayishwe noma alayishwe ebhodini imoto yokuthumela endaweni ebekiwe ngesikhathi esibekiwe.

Umthengisi uthathelwa ukuqeda isibopho sabo sokulethwa ngemuva kokukuhlinzeka ngamadokhumenti njengobufakazi bokulethwa kumthwali, kubandakanya nemibhalo yesihloko.

Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukufika kwezimpahla ezindaweni zakho ezichaziwe kudingeka ukuthi uqinisekiswe.

Ngamagama alula, umthengisi wenza ukulethwa okusekelwe kumadokhumenti, futhi wenza inkokhelo ngokususelwa kumadokhumenti nawo.

Uhlinzeke umthengisi, ngokuya ngenkontileka yokuthengisa, ukhiphe imibhalo ephelele, unesibopho sokukhokhela izimpahla.

Akunandaba noma ngabe ezinye izimpahla zilahlekile noma zilimele.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma kwenzeka amadokhumenti akhishwe ngumthengisi awahambisani nesivumelwano sokuthengisa, noma ngabe izimpahla zihlala zisesimweni esifanele sokufika, kufanelekile ukuthi ungakhokhi.

Ngalesi sizathu, uyabona ukuthi ukulethwa okungokomfanekiso ukuhweba kwemibhalo yenkontileka!

Umehluko esibonelweni somthengisi phakathi kwe-FOB ne-FCA

· Ukudluliswa kwengozi

Ngaphambi kokwethulwa kwama-incoterms 2010, ukudluliselwa kwezingozi ngaphansi kwemithetho yeFob kwenzeka lapho izimpahla ziwela ujantshi womkhumbi.

Kalula nje:

Umthengisi wabekezelela zonke izingozi nokulahleka ngaphambi kwezimpahla eziwela ujantshi womkhumbi.

Ngemuva kwalelo phuzu, izingozi zadluliselwa kuwe.

Kepha ekusebenzeni kwempilo yangempela, imvamisa kunzima kakhulu ukusebenzisa ujantshi womkhumbi njengomngcele wokudluliselwa kwesibopho.

Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukuphakamisa izimpahla egcekeni kuya emgodini wokuthumela kuyinqubo ephelele neqhubekayo, kepha ujantshi womkhumbi uyiphuzu elingaqondakali.

Ngalesi sizathu, akunangqondo ukucubungula ujantshi womkhumbi njengomngcele wokudluliswa kwengozi.

Ngenhlanhla, i-ICC yaphawula lokhu kungqubuzana futhi ibukeze kuma-incoterms 2010 version FOB iphuzu lokudluliswa kwengozi.

Ngokubuyekezwa kwamanje, ukudluliselwa kwezingozi kwenzeka lapho umthengisi elayisha umthwalo ogibele umkhumbi ophakanyisiwe oqokwe nguwe kunokuba awela ujantshi womkhumbi.

Ngokusobala, ukubuyekezwa kwamanje kuyinto elula kakhulu kini nobabili ekuhlukaniseni izibopho zakho ezinkontilekeni zokuhweba.

Ngokuqondene nencazelo yemigomo ye-FCA, umthengisi kufanele athumele izimpahla esithwali noma umuntu ngamunye oqokwe nguwe endaweni ebekiwe ekuvumelaneni nesivumelwano.

Leli futhi liyiphuzu lapho ukudluliswa kwezingozi kusuka kumthengisi kuye kwenzeka.

Ngakho-ke, kufanele, qaphela ukuthi kukhona umehluko omkhulu ophambili phakathi kwe-FCA ne-FOB maqondana nomngcele wokudluliswa kwengozi.

I-Etihad cargo

Okokuqala, ukudluliswa kwengozi ngaphansi kwe-FCA kwenzeka lapho umthengisi ehambisa umthwalo othwala impahla ephikisana nesimo se-FOB lapho umthengisi kufanele alayishe khona izimpahla esitsheni.

Ngakho-ke, umthengisi wanelisa isibopho sokulethwa ngaphandle kokuthwala ubungozi nezindleko zokulayisha ukuthunyelwa ebhodini umkhumbi wokuhambisa.

Okwesibili, ngaphansi kwemibandela ye-FOB, umthengisi ulahlekelwa ubunikazi bezimpahla ngokwengxenye lapho benikezwe ophethe.

Ngenkathi zisekho konke ezingozini zazo zonke izingozi zize zilayishe impahla kwezinto ezinamagama ezithuthi.

Ngakho-ke, umngcele wokuzibophezela nokudluliswa kwengozi uhlukile ngaphansi kwemibandela ye-FOB.

Ngokuphambene nalokho, umngcele wokuzibophezela nokudluliswa kwengozi kuyafana ngaphansi kwemigomo ye-FCA, okuyinto yokwamukelwa kwenkampani yenethiwekhi yokulethwa kwezimpahla.

· Izindleko ezimbozwe ngumthengisi

Kunokwehluka okuningana phakathi kwamagama we-FOB ne-FCA maqondana nezindleko ezithwalwa ngumthengisi.

Okokuqala, izindleko zokuhamba ze-Inland zokuhamba kanye nomshuwalense zihlukile.

Njengoba sengivele ngibonisile, ngaphansi kwemigomo yokuthumela ye-FOB, ukulethwa kuqediwe ngemuva kokuthi umthengisi ethola imikhiqizo egibele umkhumbi wokuhambisa ethekwini lokuthumela.

Lokhu kusho ukuthi umthengisi kufanele amboze izindleko zokuhamba nezomshuwalense ezivela efektri zazo ziye echwebeni lokuthumela eliqanjwe.

Kepha ngaphansi kwemibandela yokuthumela ye-FCA, umthengisi kudingeka kuphela ukuthutha umthwalo othwala impahla endaweni ebekiwe.

Imvamisa, lapho kuyimpahla equkethwe, iphuzu lokulethwa yizakhiwo zomthengisi noma indawo yokugcina izinto.

Ngaleyo ndaba, umthengisi akaphoqelekile ukuthi anakekele izindleko zokuhamba nezomshuwalense ethekwini lokuthumela eliqanjwe.

Okwesibili, okungafani nokulayisha nokulayisha imali.

Ngaphansi kwemibandela ye-FOB, umthengisi ukhokhela imali yokulayisha echwebeni lokuthumela.

Kepha ngaphansi kwemibandela ye-FCA, ngenxa yomehluko endaweni yokulethwa, ukulayisha nokulayisha imali yomthengisi kudingeka ukuthi ihluke futhi.

Esimweni lapho indawo yokulethwa yindawo yomthengisi, umthengisi kufanele anakekele izindleko zokulayisha izimpahla ezindleleni zokuhamba zenethiwekhi.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, esimweni lapho ukulethwa kungaphezu kwezakhiwo zomthengisi, umthengisi uzobe kuphela, esebenzisa izimoto zawo, athutha izimpahla eziya kumthwali.

Ngeke zidingeke ukuthi zihlangabezane nezindleko zokulayisha kusuka emotweni yazo nalezo zokulayisha emkhunjini wenethiwekhi.

· Imibhalo ye-Carrience

I-FOB ne-FCA inezincazelo ezahlukahlukene ezimoni zokuhamba. Umthetho weFob usebenza ngezinto zasolwandle zasemanzini nasezinhlangeni zasemanzini zokuhamba kuphela.

I-FCA, ngakolunye uhlangothi, isebenza kuzo zonke izindlela zokuhamba kufaka phakathi izindlela ze-multimodal.

I-invoyisi

Ngenxa yaleli qiniso, ithemu yokuhambisa i-FCA lifinyelela kude maqondana nendlela yokuthumela futhi ekwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zakho zokuthumela ezisezingeni eliphezulu.

Ngakho-ke, imibhalo ephoqelekile yenqola enikezwe ngumthengisi nayo ihluke ngaphansi kwalezi zinto ezimbili ze -noterms.

Njengoba isikhathi se-FOB sokuthumela sisebenza entandweni yamanzi eManzini nase-Inland kuphela, imibhalo ehambisanayo ye-Waybill kanye ne-Marine Bill of Lading.

Kepha njengoba i-Waybill yolwandle akuyona isethulo sedokhumenti yobunikazi, awudingi i-Waybill yolwandle ukuthi ukhethe izimpahla ezivela kumthwali.

Esikhundleni salokho, udinga ukukhipha izitifiketi zozisi kuphela.

Kepha ngaphambi kokudluliswa kwezimpahla kusuka kumthengisi kusuka kuwe, umthengisi, owayenesaziso esibhaliwe, ugcina ilungelo lokushintsha umthengi ukuze ajabulele ukulawula ukuthunyelwa.

Umthethosivivinywa wasolwandle wokulayisha uhlala uthathwa njengodokhumenti wesihloko.

Imvamisa, iqembu elinalo linelungelo elisemthethweni lokufuna ukulethwa kwezimpahla kusuka kwisithwali esabelwe.

Umthethosivivinywa wokukhanyisela futhi kukunikeza ilungelo lokuba nowakhe futhi uhambisane nezimpahla.

Ngenxa yalawa maqiniso, lapho usebenzisa imigomo ye-FOB, ngaso sonke isikhathi cela umthethosivivinywa wokulayisha hhayi i-WayMill yolwandle kusuka kumphakeli wakho.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zomthethosivivinywa wokulayisha uma kukhulunywa ngemibandela ye-FCA.

Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ungasebenzisa igama nganoma iyiphi indlela nezindlela ze-multimodal zokuthumela.

Ngakho-ke, umphakeli wakho udinga ukucacisa umthethosivivinywa wokulayisha ngokususelwa kwindlela yokukhetha yokuthumela esivumelwaneni.

Fob Inotem

Ngenxa yokwamukelwa okukhulu kwezindlela ezihlanganisiwe zokuhamba, i-Multimodal Bill of Lading isiphenduke kakhulu ngaphansi kwemigomo yokuthumela ye-FCA.

· Isikhathi sokulethwa nokukhokha

Lapho siqhathanisa imigomo yeFob ne-FCA, siyaphawula ngaphansi kweFOB; Kungumthwali ohlinzeka ngoMthethosivivinywa wokulayisha ethekwini lokusuka.

Ngenkathi ngaphansi kwe-FCA, uMthethosivivinywa we-Multimodal wokulayisha unikezwa umphakeli kumphakeli ngendawo egama elithi Dlulisa.

Ngakho-ke, lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi uMthethosivivinywa we-Multimodal wokulayisha ungahlinzekwa kumthengisi ngaphambili futhi lokhu kusiza umthengisi.

Uzobakhokhela ekuqaleni nje uma bekukhiphe umthetho we-multimodal wokulayisha.

Lokhu kunciphisa inzuzo yabo imali futhi incishise izindleko zentshisekelo.

· "Warehouse-to-Warehouse" Ilungelo

Isigatshana esithi "Warehouse-to-Warehouse" kusho inqubomgomo yomshuwalense ihlanganisa izimpahla ezivela endaweni yokugcina izimpahla esitolo sakho endaweni eyaziwayo.

Indlu yokugcina impahla ezothengiswa

Esikhathini esiningi i- "Warehouse-to-Warehouse" isigatshana esimboza lonke uhambo oluse-Ocean, Inland Watery nasezithuthweni ze-Barge.

Ngesikhathi, izikhathi, umshuwalense kungenzeka angabuyisele konke ukulahleka okutholakele ekuhambeni kwenqubo yokuthumela.

Ake sicabangele isimo se-FOB lapho isigatshana "sare-to-warehouse" sisetshenziswa khona, futhi unesibopho somshuwalense.

Uma ungena ngokulahleka ngaphambi kokuba izimpahla zingene ebhodini umkhumbi wokuthumela echwebeni eliphumayo, umthengisi uba nesibopho sokulahleka.

Kepha ayinalo ilungelo elisemthethweni lokufuna isinxephezelo kumshuwalense.

Lokhu kwenzeka kanjalo ngoba, kumshuwalense wezimpahla zomhlaba wonke, umnikazi wenqubomgomo kufanele abe nentshisekelo engasho lutho ezimpahleni.

Uma kwenzeka ulahlekelwe ngaphambi kokuqeda ukudluliswa kwengozi, njengoba umnikazi wenqubomgomo engazuzi ngelungelo lenzalo engenakuphikiswa kwimpahla.

Umthengisi ujabulele ilungelo lentshisekelo elingenakugwemeka yize yena akayena umnikazi wenqubomgomo.

Lesi simo siphumela "ekuvinjelweni komshuwalense,".

Okusho ukuthi umthengisi akazuzi ku "Warehouse-To-Warehouse" futhi akakwazi ukuthola noma yikuphi ukubuyiselwa komshuwalense.

Kodwa-ke, nge-FCA ithemu, uma ukulethwa kuqediwe ezakhiweni zomthengisi, uqala ukujabulela izinzuzo zegama elithi "Warehouse-To-Warehouse".

Lokho kungemuva nje lapho umthengisi esehambile ukuthunyelwa kumthwali.

Futhi, umphakeli akathwali imiphumela 'yesikhala somshuwalense.'

Umehluko phakathi kwe-FAS ne-FOB Encoterms

Okokuqala ngifisa ukukwenza wazi ngokufana phakathi kwalezi zinto ezimbili ze -noterms ngemininingwane elandelayo:

Amafa

• Into yokuqala okufanele uyibone nge-FAS ne-FOB ukuthi laba bobabili basebenza ekuhanjisweni kwe-port-to-port kuphela.
• Ngaphansi kwalezi zinto ezimbili ze -noterms, umthengisi othembisa ama-protocol athunyelwa ngaphandle ngenkathi wenza okufanayo kokungenisa.
• Umphakeli wethula imikhiqizo kuwe ezweni lakho. Ngalesi sizathu, laba bobabili babizwa ngokuthi "ukuthengisa ekusukeni" kwemibandela yezentengiso yamazwe omhlaba.
• Kuwo womabili amagama, nguwe owakhokha izindleko zemithwalo. Umthethosivivinywa wokulayisha, okufanele ukhishwe ngumthengisi kufanele afake igama elithi "Freight Collect".
• Ngaphansi kwawo womabili ama -noterms, umthengisi akaphoqelekile ukunikela ngomshuwalense wasolwandle.

Manje sengingasho umehluko phakathi komkhumbi wamahhala futhi ngingena emabhodini ngokuya ngama-inoterms 2010 ukubuyekeza kabusha.

Umehluko phakathi kwe-FAS ne-FOB

· Ukulethwa

Ngaphansi kwemibandela ye-FAS umhlinzeki uthathwe ukuthi ulethe izimpahla kuwe ngokushesha nje lapho zibabeke eceleni komkhumbi wokuthumela.

Ngaphansi kwemibandela ye-FOB umthengisi athathwe ukuletha izimpahla uma sebewabeke ebhodini lomkhumbi wokuthumela ogama.

I-Incoterms 2010: Umbono We-US

Uma ungumthengi ovela e-United States, kufanele uqonde ukubuyekeza ama-incoterms 2010 ngenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo.

I-Incoterms vs. Ikhodi yezentengiselwano yomfaniswano

Njengomhwebi ovela e-US, kufanele wazi ukuthi amagama okuhweba, i-FOB nokunye okuchazwe e-United States Uniform Uniform Commerce Commerm (UCC).

UCC

I-UCC yakhiqizwa okokuqala ngo-1952 futhi ihlanganisa izici eziningana zezivumelwano zokuthengisa.

Kubandakanya "ukuthunyelwa kanye nokulethwa" imigatshana enezinjongo ezihlangene kulezo zemithetho ye -noterms.

Amagama amaningi we-UCC anezinhlamvu ezifanayo ezinamagama amathathu njengalezo ezisezinhlelweni ze -noterms.

Yize izincazelo zabo zihluka ngokuphelele.

Imvamisa, "fob" kungaba nezincazelo ezimbalwa ezahlukahlukene ngaphakathi kwe-UCC, lapho iningi lingavumelani nencazelo ye-ICC Encoterms FOB.

Ukushicilelwa kokubuyekezwa okukhulu kwe-UCC ngo-2004 kunkimbinkimbi lesi simo ngokuqhubekayo.

Ukushicilelwa okubuyekeziwe kwaqeda iningi lale migomo.

Noma kunjalo, ngezizathu ezingaxhunyiwe "ekuhanjisweni nasekuletheni" imigatshana, lokhu kubuyekezwa kwabhekana nentukuthelo ebucayi evela ezizweni eziningi.

Ngakho-ke ngonyaka ka-2011, abaxhasi basuse izinguquko.

Abanye base-US bathi ukwamukela okukhethiwe kwezici ze-UCC ezihambisana nezimo zasekhaya.

Noma kunjalo, ikhambi elisebenzayo kulokhu kudideka ukuvumelanisa ukusetshenziswa kwezicelo ze-ICC Incoterms imithetho yazo zonke izinto ezenziwayo, zibe yindawo yasekhaya noma yamazwe omhlaba.

Ama-Innoterms 2010 abhalwe phansi ukuze aqinisekise ukuqonda kwemithetho kuqondile kakhulu kwimisebenzi yasendaweni.

Isibonelo, zonke izibopho maqondana nezinqubo zokuthumela ngaphandle noma zokungenisa kufanele zilethwe kuphela 'lapho kusebenza khona.'

· Exw, endlebeni kanye nokuthengiselana okuhambisayo

Njengoba sonke sazi manje, umthetho we-exw ushiya umthwalo wemfanelo wokuthumela amasiko imvume nomthengi, hhayi umphakeli.

Noma kunjalo, abathengisi bamanye amazwe bayengwa yileli thuba lokugwema umsebenzi kufanele ukhunjuzwe nge-US Administration Regulations.

EkO

Ngenxa yaleli qiniso, noma yikuphi ukwephulwa kwemithethonqubo noma ukuvezwa okungafanele kolwazi okugcwalisiwe kuseyisibopho somthengisi wase-US njengoba iphathi enkulukazi (i-USPPI.)

Ngezikhathi ezithile, ukuthengiselana kwezentengiso kunganakekelwa ngumthengi waphesheya kwezilwandle hhayi i-Free.

Zichazwa ngokuthi "ukuhanjiswa" okuhambisanayo "kuzobe kungaphansi kokuhlolisiswa okwengeziwe.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-exw ngakho-ke kwakha ubungozi obukhulu bokuhambisana nomthengisi.

Imvamisa yomthengisi kufanele aphathe ukuthuthwa kwezinto zokuhamba ngokusebenzisa igama elinjenge-CPT noma i-CIP.

Kodwa-ke, uma lokhu kungasebenzi, khona-ke kunconywa ukuthi kube nesibopho sokuthola imvume yokuthumela ngaphandle futhi usebenzise umthwali wamahhala.

I-Incoterms 2010 FAQs

Kulesi sigaba, ngizokuhamba ngemibuzo embalwa eyangibuza iningi lamakhasimende nsuku zonke.

2. Kungani kufanele nginakekele ama -noterms?

Ukuqonda nokuzisebenzisa kahle kuzokusindisa ubuhlungu bekhanda!

Uma ubamba iqhaza kwezentengiselwano yamazwe omhlaba, kufanele uqonde ukuthi yini oyishoyo kuze kube yilapho ama-nomboterms athintekayo.

Nazi ezinye izizathu ze-insoterrms okufanele zikukhathalele kakhulu kuwe:

• Bayaqinisekisa lokhoWonke umuntu ufunda kusuka kuskripthi esifanayo. Wena nomthengisi ungabhekisela kumthetho ojwayelekile ochaza ngokusobala izindima, ubungozi nezindleko.

• BonaNciphisa ingozi yezinkinga zomthethoNgoba konke kucacisiwe ngokusobala futhi alikho ithuba lokuhumusha kabi noma washo / washo imidlalo.
• Njengoba ama-monoterms awambozi amanani entengo, ayakusiza wena kanye nomthengisi ukuqonda izibopho zeqembu ngalinye, ngakho-ke azikho izimangaliso ezibizayo ekuqhubekeni kwentengiselwano

3. Ngabe ngidinga ukubheka ngasiphi i -noterms?

Kufanele ucabangele ama-incoterms ngaphambi kokuxoxisana ngenkontileka yokuthengisa.

Noma ubeka engcupheni umthengisi okufushane - ukukuguqula esivumelwaneni noma ekuhlangabezaneni nokuhlangabezana nezinkinga ngesikhathi senqubo yokuthumela.

4. Iyiphi i -noterm engcono kakhulu lapho kuthunyelwa eChina?

Ukwenza lula inqubo yokuhamba, ngenkathi isathola ukulawulwa kwezindleko okuphezulu nokubonakala, thenga izimpahla kuma-FOB Imigomo.

Bese uhilela ophethe noma odlulayo wempahla kumagama we-DAP.

Ngakho-ke, umphakeli wakho uzonakekela ukuthutha ezakhiweni zawo ethekwini eliphumayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, banesibopho sezinqubomgomo zokukhishwa kwamakhasimende okuthekelisa.

Othwala noma odlulayo unakekela ukuthuthwa kwezokuhamba ethekwini eliphumayo, ukungeniswa kwamanani okusungula, kanye nokuhamba endaweni yakho yokugcina.

5. Ngabe kufanele ngigweme noma iyiphi i -noterm?

Yebo, isinqumo sokugcina sixhomeke kuwe kodwa, njengomthengisi wezimpahla onolwazi, bengincoma ukuthi uhlale kude nemigomo ye-CIF ngangokunokwenzeka.

Leli gama lilimaza kakhulu kuwe ngoba awenziwanga izindleko zokugcina zokuthumela.

UCif kuphela uhlanganisa ukuthuthwa ethekwini lapho uya khona, kepha hhayi amacala asekhaya.

Iningi labadlulayo bezimpahla bazokufaka ngamabomu amacala athile "afihliwe", njengamacala amachweba, ku-invoice yakho lapho kufanele ungawakhokhela.

Ngokombono webhizinisi, bakwenziwa ngakwesokudla ukuthi bacele isilinganiso se-CIF, okuthi ngencazelo kuphela emboza izindleko zokuthumela.

6. Ngingakwazi ukusika izindleko ngokuthenga izimpahla ngaphansi kwemigomo ye-EX Works (Exw)?

Intengo ye-exw iphansi kakhulu phakathi kwawo wonke ama-noncoterms ngoba ayifaki noma yiziphi izindleko zokuhamba.

Leli gama likushiya phezu kwakho ukuze unakekele ukuthutha ngqo ezakhiweni zomthengisi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthengisi wakho ngeke asize ezinkambisweni zokukhishwa kwamakhasimende okuthekelisa, okuphoqelekile ngaphambi kokuba izimpahla ziphume eChina.

Njengoba nguwe ophethe izimpahla ngqo kusuka efektri

Eqinisweni, ungagcina ukhokhe okungaphezu kokufanele uma uthenga izimpahla zakho kuma-FOB noma ama-CIF amagama ukusuka ekuqaleni.

8. Ngingakwazi ukushintshana ngaphansi kwama -noterms 2000?

Hhayi-ke, igumbi lomhlaba wonke lezentengiselwano akuyona lelo hlobo lwe -noterms ukuze zisebenze.

Zonke izivumelwano ezenziwa ngaphansi kwama-moterms 2000 zisabhekwa njengezisebenzayo.

Noma i-ICC incoma ukusebenzisa ama-noncoterms 2010 ezinkontilekeni zokuhweba, amaqembu esivumelwaneni sokuthengisa anganquma ukusebenzisa noma yiluphi uhlobo lwe -noterms.

Kubalulekile, noma kunjalo, ukuchaza ngokusobala ukubuyekeza okukhethiwe kwe -noterms okusebenzayo (okungukuthi, ama-Inoterms 2000, ama-Inoterms 2010, noma okunye ukubuyekeza).

11. Ukusetshenziswa kwama -noterms kuhluka kanjani phakathi kwezizwe ezinkulu zokuhweba?

Imininingwane enginikeze lapha ihlanganisa iningi lezizwe ezimweni eziningi.

Icala lisendaweni, amaphrothokholi amasiko alula emngceleni we-porous, njenge-EU.

Kufanele ngizilethe.

Kodwa-ke, kukhona okuhlukile okungenzeka ukuthi kuthinte ukuthunyelwa kwakho: lapho ungenisa izimpahla e-UK, uzodinga i-akhawunti yokudonswa kanye ne-US ukuphela kwesizwe esifuna isibopho senkambiso.

12. Kufanele ngiphonsele nini inselelo yokukhetha ama -notermrs?

Uzobona ukuthi amanye ama-ejenti adlulisela izimpahla akhetha ukusebenzisa kuphela ukukhetha okuthandwayo kwama-noncoterms selokhu 'abonakala esebenza.

Ngakho-ke akufanele umangale lapho kuqala kunezinto zakho ezikhethayo ze-insoterm, kungakhathalekile ukuthi ziyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuthumela kwakho.

13. Yini engambozwanga ama -noterms?

Ngaphambi kokuqala kokuthumela kusuka eChina, kufanele wazi ukuthi imigomo yezentengiso yamazwe omhlaba ayimbozi:

• Ukwephulwa Kwenkontileka
• Okungaba khona amandla majere
• Ukudluliselwa kobunikazi noma isihloko.

Kufanele uqinisekise ukuthi lokhu kuthathwa kwinkontileka yakho yokuthengisa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, nami ngibona sengathi kubalulekile ukuthi uyazi ukuthi wonga imigomo ye-C.

Yonke i -noterms ayibongi umthengisi ukuze ahlele umshuwalense.

Ngakho-ke, umshuwalense wezimpahla uyindleko ehlukile kuwe.

14. Ngibhala kanjani indawo egama elinegama kwinkontileka yokuthengisa?

Uma ufake i -noterm kwinkontileka yokuthengisa, indawo egama langaphansi kufanele ifike ngokushesha ngemuva kwegama lezinhlamvu ezintathu.

Isibonelo, "ama-FCA Shenhen Yantian CFS."

Qiniseka lapho uchaza indawo, ikakhulukazi enamadolobha amakhulu angaba nama-terminals amaningi.

Ngaphandle kwalokho, lapho ubhekene nama-terminals amakhulu angaba namaphuzu ahlukahlukene okulahla.

Hlala ubhekene namakhodi wakho wetheku lakho ngaphambi kokungena endaweni egama langempela.

15. Iyini incwadi edonsayo yesikweletu?

Kule ndlela yokukhokha, uvumela ibhange lakho elikhethiwe lenze inkokhelo kumthengisi.

Kuhlale kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuthi umthengisi athumele izimpahla zakho.

Ibhange livuma ukukhokha umphakeli wakho lapho sethula imibhalo ekhombisa izimpahla okufanele azinikeze.

Le mibhalo izokwakha amadokhumenti okuhamba njengobufakazi bokulethwa kwemikhiqizo enkampanini yokuthumela noma ukulayishwa kwezimpahla esitsheni sokuhamba.

16. Yini iqoqo ledokhumenti?

Lapha, umthengisi ukhipha ibhange lakho ngamadokhumenti abonisa izimpahla okufanele anikeze zona.

Ukhokha umthengisi lapho amadokhumenti ebonise kahle izimpahla ezi -liwe.

Noma uma kwenzeka ukunwetshwa kwemigomo yesikweletu, wamukela okusalungiswa kwethemu, ukuzinikezela ukuze ukhokhe ngosuku oluzayo.

Le ndlela yokukhokha iphephile kangako ngokuqhathaniswa nencwadi yesikweletu.

Kungenxa yokuthi akukho ukukhokha okuphambili kwebhange njengoba kunjalo ngenhlamvu yesikweletu.

Ngenxa yalokhu, kwezinye izindlela zokuhamba, lokhu kwenza ukuthi umthengisi akwazi ukuhlala ephethe ukuthunyelwa uze ukhokhe noma uvumile ukukhokha.

17. Kufanele ngicabange nini ukukhokha kusetshenziswa iqoqo lemibhalo noma izinhlamvu zesikweletu?

Lokhu kwezinye izimo okubizwa nge- "Imigomo Evikelekile" Izindlela Zokukhokha.

Kufanele ucabangele ukuzisebenzisa uma kukhona ukwethenjwa okulinganiselwe phakathi kwakho nomthengisi.

Ngezikhathi ezithile, ungangabaza ukuthi umthengisi uzokuqedela ukulethwa ngokwesivumelwano sokuthenga.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umthengisi angahle akhathazeke ukuthi ngeke ukwazi ukwenza inkokhelo ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene.

18. Izincwadi zesikweletu zikuthinta kanjani ukukhetha kwe-Inotemm?

Uma ungathanda ukuqeda ukuthengiswa ngesikweletu esibhalwe phansi noma incwadi yesikweletu, inqubo iqala ngomthengisi okhipha imibhalo eminingana ebhange, kufaka phakathi inkokhelo yokulayisha.

Ngincoma ukuthi usebenzise incwadi yesikweletu uma unethemba elilinganiselwe kumphakeli.

Kodwa-ke, le ndlela yokukhokha ayisebenzi nge-exw ngoba, ngalelibonakude, kuzofanela ukhokhe umthengisi ngaphambi kokuthatha izimpahla.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imigomo engu-F ifuna ukwethenjwa, ngoba uma ukhansela ukuthengiselana, umphakeli wakho ngeke abe nomthethosivivinywa wokulayisha ukukhipha ebhange.

Imibandlela ye-D nayo idinga ukwethembana, ngoba umthengisi unesibopho sazo zonke izindleko zokuhamba.

Uyabona, ngakho-ke, inketho ye-incotermns engcono kakhulu ongayisebenzisa ngencwadi yesikweletu yimigomo emine ye-C.

Ukugcina

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, i -noterm ngayinye ikunikeza imithetho ehlukile, emfushane evumela ukuthi uqonde izibopho zakho.

Bachaza noma yiziphi izindawo ezingwevu ezivumelwaneni ezingakusindisa ubuhlungu bekhanda obungadingekile lapho usetshenziswa kahle.

Ngokusebenzisa kahle ama-noncoterms, uzokwazi ukwakha ukubambisana okuvumelanayo, umkhumbi futhi ulethe imikhiqizo yakho kalula.

Manje, yithuba lakho.

Ingabe ukuthola kunzima ukukhetha i -noterm efanelekile?

Yebo, ungakhuluma nathi lapha eBansar.

Ukufunda okwengeziwe:

• Yini ama-monoterms?
• I-Inoterms Basics
• Imithetho ye-Incoterms, ukuqeqeshwa kanye namathuluzi