Ukuba ufuna nje ukhangela ngokukhawuleza malunga ne-Intertm nganye ka-2010, unokukhuphela le tshathi ye-chati.

Ukuba umtsha wokungenisa ukusuka e-China kwaye unakho nayiphi na ingxaki nge-Interms ngo-2020, nceda ufumane iimpendulo ezivela kwimibuzo engezantsi, ndazise ukuba awukwazi ukufumana impendulo yakho enomdla.

Yintoni iingxaki ka-2010?

Iingxaki zimi kumagama orhwebo lwamanye amazwe.

I-Incoterms ka-2010, enyanisweni, inyani, iseti yemithetho eyamkelweyo ngamaqumrhu karhulumente, abathengisi kunye namagqwetha kwihlabathi lonke njengenkcazo ebanzi yendlela eyahlukileyo kurhwebo lwamanye amazwe.

Inkcazo ngo-2010 i-Cacinotions igubungela imisebenzi kunye namalungelo amaqela orhwebo kwimeko yokubonelela ngempahla.

I-Acterms ibonisa imithetho eyahlukeneyo yorhwebo, eqokelelwa kwiindidi (egama lingunobumba othathu wokuqala).

Nganye kwezi ntlobo zibonisa iindlela zeshishini kwiimvumelwano zangezwe zamanye amazwe.

Ngokubanzi, iingxaki ze-AP0 zichaza iindleko, umngcipheko kunye noxanduva oluphambili oluqhagamshelwe ekuhanjisweni kweempahla kumthengi.

Zingaphi izinto ezingalunganga?

Kukho iiseti ezili-11 zemithetho kwi-incoterms 2010 zizonke.

Zisixhenxe kwezi seti zinokusetyenziselwa naluphi na uhlobo lothutho lwenqwelwana ephambili.

Onke amagama ayinxalenye yezinto ezinokuzicingela aziboniswe ngohlobo lwesishwankathelo seeleta ezintathu, ileta yokuqala ebonisa ixesha nendawo yokudluliselwa kwezibophelelo kumthengi:

• IQELA E: IZIXHOBEKO ZOKUQALA KUMthengi ngqo ngexesha lokuthumela kunye, ngokufanelekileyo, endaweni yokuthumela iimpahla;
• Iqela F: Inqaku lokudluliselwa kwezibophelelo sisiphelo sendlela yokuhamba, ngokuxhomekeka ekubeni uninzi lwezothutho lungahlawulwanga;
• IQELA C: Intlawulo yothutho oluphambili yenziwa ngokupheleleyo, izibophelelo zidluliselwa ngexesha lokufumana iimpahla kwi-terminal yokufika;
• Iqela D: Ukuhanjiswa okugcweleyo, xa ukudluliselwa kwezibophelelo zenziwa ngexesha lokwamkelwa kwempahla ngumthengi.

Yeyiphi eyona nto ixhaphakileyo ka-2010?

Inkqubo yezinto ezinokuzicingela zacwangciswa ukucacisa imithetho yokuthengisa yamanye amazwe kumthengi kunye nomthengisi.

Ukuziqhelanisa mihla ngemihla, kulula kakhulu ukukhetha indawo yokuzithobeka okungalunganga, eya kuthi ekugqibeleni idideke i-testration kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kwamaqela orhwebo.

Ke ukuba awufuni ukumba nzulu ngaphakathi kwemithetho enzima ye-incoterms 2010, unokusebenzisa ezona zisekethe ziqhelekileyo zidweliswe ngezantsi:

1. I-DDP (uMsebenzi wokuHanjiswa ohlawulelweyo).
2. I-Exw (isebenza).
3. I-DAP (ihanjiswa endaweni).
4. I-DDP (uMsebenzi wokuHanjiswa ohlawulelweyo).
5. Ifob (simahla kwibhodi).

Ezi ngxilimbela zezona zithandwa kakhulu kubameli borhwebo ngenxa yokulula kwemigaqo yangaphakathi bobabini yomthengi kunye nomthengisi.

Nangona kunjalo, sikucebisa ngokungqongqo ukuba uqhelene nazo zonke iingxaki ukuze wenze ukhetho lwakho ngokuqonda konke iinkqubo.

Nceda ulandele i-FAQ yethu ukuze ube yi-prop

Ngaba iingxaki ezinyanzelekileyo ka-2010?

Ikhowudi yemithetho ayinayo imeko yomthombo woMthetho weHlabathi.

Nangona kunjalo, amalungiselelo ayo athathelwa ingqalelo iiarhente zikarhulumente, kubandakanywa nabasemagunyeni kunye neenkundla, ukuba ikhontrakthi iqulethe izaliso zokuhambisa okanye iimbambano zesifundo soqoqosho lwangaphandle.

Ngamanye amagama, kubonakaliso lweengcinga ezamkelwe ngokubanzi, amalungelo, kunye nezibophelelo kwinqanaba lentengiso.

Kwamanye amazwe, olu xwebhu lubophelela kwaye lwafumana inqanaba lomthetho.

Le nto ibalulekile ekufuneka iqwalaselwe xa ukugqiba iziVumelwano nabahlali.

Kule meko, amaqela anyanzelekile ukuba abonise kwimvumelwano igatya lokuthandabuza ukukhokelwa yimiqathango yentsebenzo, ukuba akukho mfuneko.

Kutheni le nto iingxaki zika-2010 zibalulekile?

Ukuba ufuna ukuba yingcali yokurhweba ngamazwe aphesheya, ngokucacileyo, kuya kufuneka ufunde izinto ezininzi malunga nesi sihloko, kubandakanya ukungazithambisi ka-2010.

Le mithetho igubungela zonke iimeko ezaziwayo ezinxulumene nezothutho, ukuvunywa kwesiko, ukungenisa kunye nokuthumela kwelinye ilizwe, njl.

Ngubani owenze i-Incotele?

Ukuphuhliswa kweZiyotho kwaKhulelwe igumbi lezoRhwebo (i-ICC) ngo-1921, kwaye le ngcinga ifezekisiwe ngo-1936 xa kwakufika lo mbono ukuba ihlelo lokuqala le-incondm le misiza kwavela.

Ngo-1923, iKomiti yezoRhwebo ye-ICC ye-ICC, inkxaso yeKomiti yeSizwe, iphuhlise imithetho emithandathu yokuqala: iFob, i-Fif, i-CIF, eyayingaphambi kwemali yeziyobisi.

Esi yayisisiqalo sembali ende kwaye enengxaki yemithetho yokuzihlaziya, eqhubeka kweli xesha lethu.

NgoJanuwari 1, 2011, inguqulelo yangoku yemithetho, i-ACTMS 2010, yaziswa.

Yintoni iingxaki ka-2010?

I-DAP imele ukuhanjiswa kwenqaku.

Iseti ye-DAP isitsho ukuba umthengisi unyanzelekile ukuba abonelele umthengi kwiimveliso ezikhutshelweyo kwiziko langaphandle kwaye lilungele ukukhululwa kwindawo ekuyiwa kuyo.

Imigaqo ye-DAP ithengela umthengisi kufuneka ahlawule yonke imirhumo kunye neendleko ezinxulumene nokuthuthwa kweemveliso kwindawo yokugqibela.

Yintoni iingxaki ka-2010 DDP?

I-DDP sisifinyezo somsebenzi ohlawulelweyo.

Ukuthetha nge-DDP, umthengisi kufuneka enze uqhubeke zonke izinto zokuthumela kwelinye ilizwe kunye nokungenisa izithethe eziya kwenza iimveliso zilungele ukukhulula kuhlobo olukhethiweyo lwezithuthi kwindawo ethile.

Kwakhona, umthengisi kufuneka acinge ngazo zonke iindleko kunye nemirhumo enxulumene nemveliso yemveliso, ebandakanya zonke iinkqubo zokungenisa ngaphandle kunye nokungenisa elizweni.

Qaphela ukuba le mithetho ayinakusetyenziswa ukuba umthengisi akanakuqinisekisa ukuzalisekiswa okungenziwa kokungenisa elizweni.

Ke, ukuba amaqela asafuna ukubakhuphela ngaphandle izibophelelo ezivela kumthengisi kwaye asebenzise imigaqo ye-DDP, oku kufanele kuchazwe ngokucacileyo kwimvumelwano yentengiso.

Imigaqo ye-DDP isebenza kwimeko yokuthuthwa kweempahla ngayo nayiphi na imowudi, nokubandakanya uhlobo lothutho lwe-Mulmadical.

Ungalibona igama elithi "inkathalo" kwinkcazo ye-DDP yeZiyombu.

Kule nto, kuthetha naliphi na iqumrhu elithatha uxanduva lokucwangcisa okanye ukubonelela ngezothutho lweemveliso ngohlobo oluthile lwendlela yokuhambisa phantsi kwesivumelwano senqwelomoya.

Yintoni i-Adsms 2010 FAS?

I-FAS imfutshane ukuba simahla inqanawa.

Phantsi kwesivumelwano se-FAS, umthengisi kufuneka ahambisa iimveliso ezithile ecaleni kwenqanawa kwiBerth kwizibuko elichaziweyo.

Ikota ye-FAS inokusetyenziswa kuphela xa ihambisa iimpahla ngolwandle okanye nge-inland.

Umngcipheko wokulahleka okanye ukonakaliswa kwezinto ezidlulayo kumthengi xa iimpahla zibekwe ecaleni kwenqanawa.

Uxanduva oluphambili lomthengisi kukuhambisa iimpahla kungekuphela nje kwizibuko, kodwa kwiBerse Elibonisiweyo apho inqanawa ibanjwa ngumthengi i-moored, okanye kwi-barge (ngaphandle komthwalo kwinqanawa).

Umthengi unyanzelekile ukuba afake iimpahla kwinqanawa yenqanawa, ehlawula kwimpahla yenqanawa, engayilayisha kwizibuko lokufika, ukwenza isiko lokungenisa elizweni ngentlawulo yokungenisa imisebenzi kunye nokuhambisa iimpahla kwindawo yokugqibela.

Yintoni ingxaki ye-AIP?

I-CIP imfutshane kwinqwelana ne-inshurensi ehlawulwa kuyo.

Oku kumiselwa kwemithetho ye-2010 iSibonisa imeko apho umthengisi kufuneka atshintshe iimpahla ze-inshurensi, ekhutshwe kwimowudi yokuthumela ngaphandle, kwi-CREAMOT kwimowudi yokuthumela ngaphandle, kwi-Carriers awayeyinyule ngaphambi kokuhambisa iimpahla ziye kwindawo oya kuyo.

Ukujonga imigaqo ye-CIP, umthengi uthatha yonke imingcipheko yomonakalo okanye ilahleko yeemveliso, kunye nezinye iindleko emva kokuba iimpahla zitshintshelwe kumphathi, hayi xa iimpahla zifike kwindawo yokugqibela.

Yonke imingcipheko iphakama emva kokulayisha iimpahla ezikolweni kwaye zonke iindleko kwindawo oya kuyo zisasazwa kumthengi.

Nangona kunjalo, umthengisi kufuneka ahlawule zonke iindleko ezinxulumene nemveliso yeemveliso ezikwindawo ethile, ukwenza imvume yokuthumela kwelinye ilizwe ngaphandle kwempahla yokuthumela kwelinye ilizwe kunye nezinye iifizi kwilizwe lokumka.

Khumbula ukuba umthengisi akanyanzelekanga ukuba agcwalise iinkqubo zokungenisa iimpahla zokungenisa elizweni, hlawula imisebenzi yesiko, kwaye wenze konke okunxulumene neenkqubo zokungenisa.

Okokugqibela, imithetho ye-CIP ibeka umthengisi wentlawulo yeinshurensi.

Eli qela kufuneka lihlawule umngcipheko wokulahleka kunye nomonakalo kwiimpahla ngexesha lokuhamba kumthengi.

Kodwa, nceda uqaphele ukuba phantsi kwemithetho ye-CIP, umthengisi unyanzelekile ukuba abonelele nge-inshurensi ngokugubungela okuncinci.

Ke, ukuba ufuna njengomthengi ukuba ube ne-inshurensi kunye nokugubungela okukhulu, kuya kufuneka uvume ngokungqalileyo koku kunye nomthengisi, okanye gqiba i-inshurensi eyongezelelweyo yenu.

Unokusebenzisa ngokukhululekileyo imigaqo ye-CIP yokudluliselwa naluphi na uhlobo lwezothutho, kubandakanya nezithuthi ezininzi.

Kwimeko yokuthunyelwa ngabathwali abaninzi, umthengisi utshintshela emngciphekweni wakhe ngexesha lokufakelwa kweemveliso kumphathi wokuqala.

Yintoni iingxaki ka-2010 iFob?

Masizame ukufumanisa ukuba leliphi na ifob lithetha ntoni.

Ke, ifob ifutshane kwiBhodi kwaye isixelela ukuba umthengisi ugqibezela ukuhanjiswa xa umthwalo udlula uloliwe wenqanawa kwizibuko elichaziweyo.

Yiyo loo nto yonke imingcipheko edityanisiweyo yomonakalo okanye ilahleko kwiimveliso kwaye zonke iindleko ezifanelekileyo zithwalwa ngumthengi kwalo mzuzu.

I-FOB Imigaqo ichaza ukuba umthengisi kufuneka enze yonke intlawulo kwimeko yokuthumela kwelinye ilizwe.

Nceda ukhumbule ukuba unokusebenzisa le mithetho kuphela ukuba umntu ophethe iimpahla uthutha iimpahla yi-Inland Waysey okanye iMaritime yothutho.

Kwimeko apho amaqela angafuni kuzisa iimveliso ebhodini, igama elithi fca kufuneka lisetyenziswe.

Ithetha ntoni iFCA?

I-FCA (i-Carrier yasimahla) ichaza isivumelwano apho umthengisi kufuneka atshintshe iimveliso ezipasileyo kwiinkqubo zesiko, elichazwe ngumthengi, kwindawo enegama.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukhetho lwendawo yokuhanjiswa luya kuchaphazela izibophelelo zokulayisha kunye nokulayisha iimpahla.

Ukuba ukuhanjiswa kwenzeka kwindawo yomthengisi okanye enye indawo, umthengisi unoxanduva lokulayisha iimveliso.

Kucetyiswa ukuchonga inqaku lokuhanjiswa kuba umngcipheko udlula kumthengi ngalo mzuzu.

Yintoni i-CIF yokuzibophelela?

I-cif (iindleko, i-inshurensi kunye ne-Inraight 2010 Veza imeko xa umboneleli kufuneka atshintshe iimpahla ze-inshurensi kwaye azinikele kwizibuko.

Lo ngumzuzu xa uxanduva lokugcina iimpahla zabathengisi lidlulisa kumthengi.

Ngokwemithetho ye-CFF, umthengi uthatha yonke imingcipheko yelahleko, kunye nezinye iindleko emva kokuba iimpahla zifakwe kwibhodi yenqanawa (hayi xa iimpahla zifikelela kwindawo oya kuyo).

Kwimeko ye-CIF ikhontrakthi, umthengisi unyanzelekile ukuba ahlawule iindleko kunye nempahla efunekayo ukuhambisa iimpahla kwizibuko elichaziweyo, ukwenza imvume yokuthumela iimpahla kunye nokuhlawulwa kwemirhumo yelizwe lokumka.

Nangona kunjalo, kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba umthengisi akanyanzelekanga ukuba aqhubekise ubulungisa bokungenisa izinto okanye athathe inxaxheba kwezinye iinkqubo zokungenisa izicelo.

Okokugqibela, i-CIF Inqanaba lesivumelwano lilawula le ndawo malunga nomthengisi uxanduva lokuthenga i-inshurensi yaselwandle nxamnye nomngcipheko wokulahleka kunye nomonakalo kwiimpahla ngexesha lenkqubo yezothutho.

Njengakwimeko ye-CIP iseti yemithetho, umthengisi kufuneka anike i-inshurensi yokugubungela i-inshurensi, ukuba umthengi ufuna ukuba ne-inshurensi enesigubungelo esikhulu, kufuneka avume ngoku, okanye enze isicelo semvumelwano eyongezelelweyo ye-inshurensi.

Qaphela: Iseti ye-cif imigaqo inokusetyenziswa kuphela xa ihambisa iimpahla ngolwandle okanye kwi-Inland Waterway. Ukuba amaqela akafuni ukuhambisa iimveliso ngaloo ndlela, kufuneka asebenzise ikhontrakthi ye-CIP, esele itshilo ngaphambili kweli nqaku.

Yintoni i-CFR I-2010?

I-CFR imele indleko kunye nempahla.

Ingaba ithetha ntoni?

Le mibandela ichaza ukugqiba ukuhanjiswa xa iimveliso zidlulisela kwibhodi yenqanawa kwizibuko kwaye zisiwe kwizibuko lokufika.

Ngokwesiseko sokunikezelwa kwe-CFR, umthengi ucinga ukuba yonke imingcipheko yelahleko okanye ukonakala kwiimpahla, kunye nezinye iindleko emva kokubeka iimpahla kwinqanawa ethile kwizibuko elithile.

Imigaqo yokuHanjiswa kwe-CFR ithengela ukuba ibonelele ngoxanduva lokuhlawula iindleko kunye nempahla efunekayo yokuzisa iimveliso kwizibuko elithile lokuya kunye nokwenza imvume yokuthumela kwelinye ilizwe.

Umthengi, kwelinye icala, kufuneka enze izinto ezisesikweni zokungenisa iimpahla, ahlawule imisebenzi yeSecums kwaye enze zonke ezinye iinkqubo zeNkcubeko.

Ikota ye-CFR ye-CFR ka-2010 inokusetyenziswa kuphela xa ihambisa iimpahla nge-inland okanye kwizothutho lwamanzi aselwandle.

Ukuba amaqela akazukuhambisa iimpahla ngaphaya kololiwe wenqanawa, i-CPT Subs zingcono ukuba zisetyenziswe.

Yintoni izixhobo ze-cpt 2010?

I-CPT imfutshane kwinqwelwana ehlawulwa kuyo.

Ngokwemithetho ye-CPT, umthengi ucinga ukuba yonke imingcipheko yelahleko okanye ukonakala kwiimpahla, kunye nezinye iindleko emva kokuba iimpahla zitshintshelwe kumthengisi (hayi xa iimpahla zifikelela kwindawo oya kuyo).

Umthengisi kufuneka ahlawule iindleko kunye nempahla efunekayo ukuhambisa iimpahla kwindawo ebekiweyo, yenza iNkcazo yeNkcubeko yokuthumela ngaphandle yeempahla ngentlawulo kwilizwe lokuhamba.

Kodwa, nceda uqaphele ukuba umthengisi akanyanzelekanga ukuba enze izinto ezisemthethweni zokungenisa iimpahla, uhlawule imisebenzi ehambelanayo okanye ijongana nezinye iinkqubo zokungenisa elizweni.

La magama anokufakwa isicelo sokuhanjiswa kwayo nayiphi na indlela yothutho, kubandakanya nezithuthi ezininzi.

Kwimeko yokuhamba ukuya kwindawo ekuyo ngabathwali abaninzi, ukudluliselwa komngcipheko kumthengisi kuya kwenzeka ngexesha lokudluliselwa kwempahla yokuqala.

Yintoni ingxaki ye-Exw 2010?

I-EX (Umsebenzi) Chaza imeko xa umthengisi uthathwa njengokuzifezekisa iimbophelelo zokuhambisa xa edlulisela iimveliso kwishishini lomthengi okanye kwenye indawo (umzi-mveliso, ivenkile, ivenkile, ivenkile, ivenkile, ivenkile, ivenkile, ivenkile, njl. Njl.).

Phantsi kwemithetho ye-EXW, umthengisi akanoxanduva lokulayisha iimpahla kwimoto ebonelelwe ngumthengi, nokuba enze intlawulo yeseti yempahla engafihliweyo, ngaphandle kokuba kuchaziwe.

Ngokwemithetho ye-engw, umthengi ugqobhoza yonke imingcipheko kunye neendleko zokuhambisa iimpahla kumhlaba womthengisi ukuya kwindawo eya kuyo.

Ukuba amaqela anqwenela ukuba umthengisi athabathe uxanduva lokulayisha iimpahla kwindawo ye-Dispatch kwaye athwale yonke imingcipheko kunye neendleko zokuthumela ezikhoyo kwi-AHDEANDUM YOKUKHUSELEKILEYO.

Igama lokuphuma alinakusetyenziswa xa umthengi engakwazi ukwenza izinto ezisemthethweni.

Yintoni i-menit yengxaki ka-2010?

I-DAT sisifinyezo sokuhanjiswa kwesiphelo.

Oku kusetiwa kwamagama ukuba umthengisi uthathwe njengokufezekisa uxanduva lwayo xa iimpahla ezikhutshwe kuMthetho weSiko lokuThunyelwa kwamanye amazwe masithunyelwa ngaphandle komthengi kwindawo ekuvunyiweyo kuyo.

Ibinzana elithi "terminal" kwisiseko sedatha ithetha nayiphi na indawo, kubandakanya nomoya / kwi-Auto / i-Auto / Railway Commal, Berth, njalo njalo.

Imigaqo yedatha yokuhanjiswa inyanzelise umthengisi yonke imingcipheko enxulumene nokuhambisa iimpahla kwaye zilayishe kwi-terminal echaziweyo.

Kwakhona, umthengisi unyanzelekile ukuba ahlawule iindleko kunye nempahla efunekayo ekuhanjisweni kunye nokuthulula iimpahla kwi-terminal echaziweyo, yenza ukucaciswa kwesiko elipheleleyo ngokupheleleyo.

Kwelinye icala, umthengi unyanzelekile ukuba enze izinto ezisemthethweni zokungenisa kwaye ahlawule yonke imirhumo okanye imisebenzi edityanisiweyo.

Imigaqo yedatha inokusetyenziswa ekuhambeni iimpahla ngayo nayiphi na indlela yothutho, kubandakanya nezithuthi ezininzi.

Zithini izithuthi ezininzi kwimeko yemithetho ethile yokuzihlaziya?

Inkcazo yokuthutha i-Multimodal isetyenziselwa ukuthuthwa kweemveliso phantsi kwesivumelwano kunye nomntu ophethe umntu usebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zothutho.

Umntu ophethe unelungelo lokusebenzisa izithuthi zezinye iikhontraktha, kodwa lonke uxanduva kwikontraktha ngokubanzi, ekuyalelwe ekuqeshweni kwabafundi.

Umbutho wokuthuthwa kweemveliso ezininzi kufuneka uqale ngocwangciso lwendlela ebanzi.

Qwalasela ngononophelo ithayimthebhile enamanqaku alayisha kakhulu kwaye uyeke indlela.

Izithuthi ezininzi ze-Mulmadical zingasetyenziswa kwiimeko ezilandelayo:

• Xa kungabikho kunxibelelana ngokuthe ngqo ngemowudi enye yothutho phakathi komthengisi kunye nomququzeleli;
• Unxibelelwano ngqo lwendlela enye yezothutho ayilunganga kwi-cogignee ngenxa yexabiso eliphezulu okanye ixesha elide lokuhanjiswa.

I-cogignee inoku-odola ukuthutha ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kubaphathi abaninzi; Olu hlobo lothutho lubizwa ngokuba yi-premodal.

Kukho umahluko othile phakathi kwezothutho lwe-multimodal kunye nezithuthi ezininzi.

Xa kuthelekiswa ne-multimodal, le yokugqibela inezinto ezininzi ezingalunganga:

1. Inani lentlangano kunye neliphepha liyanda.
2. Kunzima kakhulu ukufumana iqela elinetyala ukuba iimpahla azifumeneyo ngexesha, okanye kwimeko engafezekanga.
3. Ukuba ii-carriers azisebenzisi zothutho zazo, ixabiso liphezulu, njengenani leearhente kunye neefizi zabo zearhente zinyuka.

Zeziphi iingxaki ze-2010 zomoya / zendlela / ezololiwe?

Eli qela libandakanya i-Exw (ex isebenza), i-FCA (i-FCA (i-CPT (inqwelomoya ihlawulwe), i-CIP (i-CIP), i-DAP (ukuhanjiswa kwe-DDP).

Banokusetyenziswa nokuba akukho sithembiso kwaphela.

Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba la magama anokusetyenziswa xa inqanawa isetyenziswa ngokuyinxenye ngexesha lokuhamba.

Zeziphi iingxaki ze-2010 zezothutho laseMaritime?

Imithetho elandelayo isetyenziselwa i-Maritime kunye ne-Inland Rightion kuphela:

1. I-FAS (yasimahla ecaleni kwenqanawa).
2. Ifob (simahla kwibhodi).
3. I-CFR (iindleko kunye nempahla).
4. I-cif (i-inshurensi yeendleko kunye nempahla).

Nguwuphi umahluko phakathi kwe-Informs 2000 kunye neZiyoma ka-2010?

Okokuqala, kuhlelo lokuzima kweNgxowa-mali ka-2010 inani lemibuzo lancitshiswa ukusuka kwi-13 ukuya kwi-11.

Kodwa kwangaxeshanye, izikhundla ezibini ezitsha zazizisiwe (i-DAP ne-DAT).

Kwaye amagama amane athathiweyo (i-DAF, i-des, Deq, kunye ne-DDD).

Ngapha koko, ikota ye-dat (yokuhanjiswa kwi-terminal) ithatha indawo yegama le-Deq.

Nangona kunjalo, iseti ye-dat yeMithetho, ngokungafaniyo ne-DEQ, isebenza kwizithuthi ezininzi.

Ngokweengcali zelogistis, ukuhanjiswa kwi-terminal ye-hada kuhambelana kakhulu noko kuyaziqhelanisa nezibuko.

Ikota ye-dap (ukuhanjiswa kwenqaku) kwenza ukuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba akhangele ngqo indawo.

Ithatha indawo yeekota ezintathu (i-DAF, i-des, ddu).

Ukuthetha nge-fob, i-CFR, neCif, umngcipheko kunye neendleko zisetwa ngendlela entsha.

Kwi-incoterms 2000 Umngcipheko uyadlula emva kokuba uhambise kwicala lenqanawa.

Kwizithambiso ze-2010, kwelinye icala, ukudluliselwa kwemingcipheko kwenzeka emva kokuba kulayishwe impahla ekuqhutyeni inqanawa.

Ungajonga i-Informs 2000 ngekhonkco.

Ngaba i-Insoters ingasetyenziselwa ukuthunyelwa kwempahla yasekhaya?

Ewe, iingxaki ze-2010 zinokufaka izicelo zolo zithuthi zasekhaya nakwamanye amazwe.

Ngaba i-Informs ye-ATRIDS

I-Informs ka-2010 ikakhulu iseti yemithetho enxulumene nezothutho kunye neenkqubo zenkxaso kunye neenkqubo.

Kungenxa yoko le nto la magama angenzi ukuba ubunini okanye ukudlulisela isihloko sempahla, okanye siqulathe imithetho yokuhlawula.

Zeziphi izinto ezingalunganga zezona zilungileyo kumthengisi / umthengi?

Njengoko sele usenzile, imithetho eyahlukeneyo ye-AP0 Imigaqo inokuba yinzuzo kubathengi kunye nomthengisi ngomahluko omncinci.

Apha siza kuzama ukufumana ezona ngxaki zintle zamaqela.

Masiqale kubathengi.

I-FOB kufuneka ibe kukhetho lwakho # 1 kuba phantsi kwale mithetho umboneleli kufuneka ashiye iimveliso kwizibuko, alungisiwe kwaye elungele ukumka kwamanye amazwe.

Njengomthengi, kufuneka uqeshe inkampani yokuhambisa.

Oku kukunika ulawulo luphela kuzo zonke iindleko kunye nokulungelelaniswa kokunikezelwa kwempahla.

Amagama e-FOB aguquguquka kakhulu kwaye aluncedo.

Kwakhona, abathengi banokusebenzisa i-insw kunye ne-DAP ngempumelelo enkulu, nangona kunjalo, ezi seti zifuna ukuqonda okufanelekileyo kwemithetho nemigaqo.

Njengabathengisi, i-CPT okanye imithetho efanayo apho iimpahla zidluliselwa khona umthwali ngaphandle kokuthumela izinto ezithumela ngaphandle kufuneka zenze okuhle.

I-Incotims 2010 kunye neNgxelo yeNgeniso: Zithini ezi meko?

Nceda ugcine engqondweni ukuba iingxaki ze-2010 azibhalelwanga ukwamkelwa kwengeniso kunye ne-ICC (i-ICC (i-ICC (iChamber yeHlabathi) isikhokelo esikhokelayo ithi ingaba ayisiyiyo into abayenzayo.

Zigubungela kuphela iinkqubo zokubonelela, ukudluliselwa komngcipheko, ukungenisa / / iinkqubo zokungenisa ngaphandle kunye nokunye okuncinci.

Xa kusekwe i-conterms elandelayo yemithetho?

Umsebenzi ophantsi kweseti entsha yemithetho yeziyobisi sele iqalile.

Ngokufanelekileyo, baya kuphuma ngo-2020.

Ngaba luhlobo luni lwezibophelelo zeinshurensi ezinokufumaneka kwi-Actms 2010?

Kuya kufuneka ukhumbule ukuba ii-cogters ezimbini ze-2010 kuphela (iCif, i-CIP) zinelungelo nge-inshurensi yempahla, ekufuneka ilungiswe kwaye ihlawulwe ngumthengisi.

Xa uziqhelanisa, kunokuba nzima ukubonisa umzuzu kuhambo apho umonakalo wenzeka khona.

Ke kucetyiswa kakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa kwindawo yokugcina izinto-ukuya kwi-Warehouse.

Kwakhona, i-inshurensi yempahla kule meko ihlala ingafikeleli ilahleko yesiphumo, njengenkqonkqoze inkqonkqoza umthengi elahlekileyo yethutyana okanye ixesha lokuthengisa.

Ukuba uyafuna, lo mngcipheko ungabandakanywa kwisivumelwano seinshurensi.

I-ActMs ITshathi yoSetyenziso: Yintoni?

I-ActMs APT 2010 ITshathi yoXanduva sisikimu esisebenzayo esibonisa yonke imiqathango kwindawo enye, ngokuthelekisa imigaqo ecacileyo yeseti nganye.

Ungayibona itshati yokuthelekisa kumfanekiso ongezantsi.

Ithini imiqathango yokuhlawula kwimeko ye-incoterms 2010?

Kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba iingxaki zemali ka-2010 azinalo naluphi na uhlobo lwemigaqo yokuhlawula exhunyiwe ngokuthenga iimpahla.

Ke, imigaqo yokuhlawula kwimeko yezinto zokuzibopha zibhekisa kuzo zonke iindleko kunye nemirhumo yenkqubo yeNkcubeko kunye nezothutho.

Ndingalufumana phi isifundo esilula sezinto ezingalunganga?

Kunzima ukukhankanya enye kwaye kuphela kuphela indlela yokufunda ukulungisa ngokukhululekileyo.

Maninzi amanqaku afanelekileyo kunye neevidiyo kwiwebhu enokukunceda ukuba uqhelene ngakumbi ne-incoterms 2010.

Umzekelo, ungayijonga le vidiyo ye-YouTube ukuba ufuna isikhokelo esichazayo kwesi sihloko.

Nguwuphi umahluko phakathi kwezivumelwano ze-cisg kunye nengxaki ka-2010?

Akukho nxibelelwano lucacileyo phakathi kwezivumelwano zentengiso yamazwe aphesheya (i-CISG) kunye ne-Ads 2010.

I-CISG yiseti yemithetho efanelekileyo yokuthengisa iimpahla phakathi kwamashishini akwimimandla eyahlukeneyo.

I-Inderms yiseti yemithetho (hayi imithetho enyanzelekileyo) echaza amaqela 'achaza nje ukubambisa kunye noxanduva malunga nezothutho kunye nokuhanjiswa kweempahla (kungenziwa ngamazwe aphesheya).

Ungasebenzisa zombini i-cisg kunye nengxaki kwiindlela zakho zokurhweba.

Ngaba iZinto eziNgenayo ka-2010 xa kubalwa umsebenzi wesiko?

Ewe, kunomcimbi omkhulu kuba umsebenzi wokungenisa kunye nokuhlawulwa kwerhafu kubalwa emva kwexabiso elipheleleyo lokuhambisa, kubandakanya iindleko zeempahla ezingeniswayo, iindleko ze-inshurensi.

Kungenxa yoko le nto kunokwenzeka ukuba sigcine kwixabiso elincinci leerhafu ukuba uqhuba indleko elungileyo yempahla.

Ngaba iingxaki ze-2010 ziyafuneka kwi-invoice yentengiselwano yokuhambisa yomkhosi? Okanye ngaba ndingakhupha i-invoice ngaphandle kwamagama?

Njengoko kwakutshiwo ngaphambili kule ftq, ukusebenzisa i-actionals 2010 ayinyanzelekanga.

Unokukhupha i-invoice ngaphandle kweMigaqo yexesha elide elinye iqela livunyelwene nalo.

Ndingayisebenzisa i-Indesm 2010 kwi-AliBaba / Aliexpress?

I-Infostms 2010 ingasetyenziswa ngabathengisi beAlbababa, uninzi lwabantu abavelisi.

Nangona kunjalo, awuyi kubona iingxaki kwimeko ye-Ileexpress kuba zonke iinkqubo zothutho kunye nezicwangciso sele zichazwe ngabathengisi be-Aliexpress

Cela ingcali malunga neZinto ngoku

Ukuba ufuna ukumba kuzo zonke iingxaki, ndicinga ukuba ungaqhubeka ufunda esi sikhokelo. Uya kuba yingcali malunga nokuzihlaziya.

Eyona nxalenye ilungileyo:

Nokuba ukhuselekile ekuhanjisweni kwamanye amazwe okanye ukufuna ukuphuculwa kweenkcukacha zezinto zokuzihlaziya, uhlile.

Njengomsebenzi onamava ophumeleleyo, i-leron ye-ledmed ye-sedd yindebe yam yemihla ngemihla yeti.

Njengoko ukuthunyelwa kwe-china lishishini elinzima, kubalulekile ukuba uqonde isigama sorhwebo, iindleko ezinxulumene noko kunye nengozi nokuba konke kuchaphazela njani.

Xa kuphathelele isivumelwano sokuthengisa zamanye amazwe, kuya kufuneka ubekekekele kwimibandela yentengiso malunga nexabiso lokuthengisa.

Ke ngoko, ukunciphisa ukudideka okungafunekiyo, sebenzisaIngetiCommeriveAmagama, i-serialy eyamkelwa i-firimoloiries yendawo.

I-Incoryms yimithetho emiselweyo equlethwe yiIgumbi lezoRhwebo lwaMazwe ngaMazwe(ICC), ecacisa kwangaphambili amagama orhwebo lwamazwe aphesheya.

I-ICC

IIMPAWU ZOQOQOSHO KAKHULU NGOKULULA NEQHAWULA LOKUGQIBELA KWIINGXAKI ZEEMFUNDO ZEEMPAHLA.

Baye baqatshelwa kwaye banyanzeliswa zonke izizwe ezithengisayo.

I-Informs yindlela yokuzithandela, iqinisekile, yamkelwe ngokubanzi kwaye ithotyelwe isicatshulwa sokuchaza uxanduva lwakho.

Kwaye, loo kumthengisi wakho ngexesha lokuhamba kwempahla kwizivumelwano zentengiso yorhwebo lwamanye amazwe.

Bajonge ekucaciseni ngokuxhomekeke kwingozi, iindleko, kunye noxanduva olunxulumene nokuthumela iimpahla.

Kodwa, kuhle ndikwenzile ukuba uyazi ukuba izazi zilicandelo nje leSivumelwano seTersulo seHlabathi.

Abakhankanyi nantoni na ukuba bahlawulwe ngexabiso lokuhlawulelwa iimpahla okanye indlela yokuhlawula ukuze isetyenziswe kwintengiselwano.

Yintoni egqithisile?

I-Inderms ayigubungela ukuhanjiswa kobunini beempahla, uxanduva lweempahla okanye ukophula ikhontrakthi.

Kuya kufuneka ukhathalele le micimbi kwisivumelwano sakho sokuthengisa.

Ngapha koko, iingxaki azikwazi ukuqhubela phambili nayiphi na imithetho enyanzelekileyo.

I-Acterms ichaza phakathi kwakho kunye nomthengisi wakho wase-chine wase-chine, onoxanduva:

• Ukususwa ozenzele kona
• Ukuhamba kweempahla

Kwaye, ngubani othwala umngcipheko kwiimeko zempahla ngamaxesha elithile ngexesha lenkqubo yokuthutha.

Iingxaki

Nangona kunjalo, akunyanzelekanga ukuba ubandakanye kwisivumelwano sakho.

Kodwa xa iqukwa, ikhontrakthi yakho yentengiso efanele ukucacisa olona hlaziyo lwangoku:I-Incoterms 2010.

Nangona unokuyifumana ingcinga yokusebenzisa i-Incoterms 2000 endaweni ka-2010, ndingakuyikhulula ekwenzeni ukuze ndithintele iingxaki.

Ndilungiselele esi sikhokelo se-AIDERIni esibanzi se-2010 kuwe onamava amancinci okanye angabinamava okuhambisa ihlabathi.

Inika ulwazi oluneenkcukacha, ngokuqinisekileyo luchaza i-interm nganye.

I-Incoterms 2010

Uhlaziyo lwamva nje lweMeko eManyeneyo yeHlabathi,I-Incoterms 2010, yaqala ukusebenza nge-1 kaJanuwari ngo-2011, kwaye inamachaphaza ali-11.

I-Informs 2010 ikhuphe imithetho eyi-11 yangamacandelo amabini kuxhomekeka kwiIndlela yokuHanjiswa:

1. Imigaqo ngayo nayiphi na indlela yothutho enemigaqo:

• I-Exw (isebenza)
• I-fca (inqwelo-ntloko yasimahla)
• I-CPT (inqwelomoya ihlawulwe)
• I-CIP (inqwelomoya kunye ne-inshurensi ehlawulwa)
• I-DAT (ihanjiswe kwi-terminal)
• I-DAP (ihanjiswa endaweni), kwaye
• I-DDP (ihanjiswe ngoxanduva)

2. Imithetho yolwandle kunye ne-inland yamanzi kuphela eyenza imiqathango:

• I-FAS Free ecaleni kwenqanawa)
• IFOB (yasimahla kwiBhodi)
• I-CFR (iindleko kunye nempahla), kwaye
• I-cif (i-inshurensi yeendleko kunye nempahla)

I-Asmms 2010

Singabelana ngokuhamba kwezinto zibe zizigandu ezine kuxhomekeke kwiInqaku lokuhanjiswa.

• Iqela "e"-Bandakanya (i-Exw)

Inqaku lokuhanjiswa yindawo yomthengisi.

• Iqela "F" -ibandakanya (i-fob, i-fAS & fca)

Inqaku lokuhanjiswa lingekaphambi okanye liye kwinqanawa ephambili yokuhambisa, kunye nomphathi ongabhatalwanga yingcali okanye umthengisi.

• Iqela "C"(CFR, CIF, i-CPT & CPI)

Inqaku lokuhanjiswa liphezulu nangaphaya kwenqanawa ephambili yokuhambisa, kunye nomphathi ohlawulwa nguMqeqeshiso.

• Iqela "D"(DaP, dat & DDP)

Inqaku lokuhanjiswa yindawo yokugqibela.

Ngesishwankathelo, phantsi kweMibisa yokuQala ngoonobumba C okanye D, umthengisi unoxanduva lokugqibezela isivumelwano nenkampani ephethe / inkampani yokuhambisa.

Kwelinye icala, phantsi kwegama eliqala ngoota okanye f, nguwe othengise umntu othwala umphathi.

Umthengi kunye noMthengisi

Umthengisi kufuneka aqinisekise ukuba ukwisikhundla sokufumana iimveliso kwi-8 ekrelekrele kwindawo oya kuyo xa wenza ikhefu.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuya kuthi ga kwimvumelwano yokuhambisa.

Kuya kufuneka emva koko ufumane amaxwebhu kumthengisi, njengokubhiyozela iBhili, eya kukuvumela ukuba ukhethe iimpahla kumuthutha.

Ewe kunjalo emva kokukhupha ngaphezulu kwamaxwebhu ukutshintshiselana ngeempahla.

Ukuba umboneleli wakho wase-chine wenza isivumelwano senqwelomoya nenye ye-D-themoble, kufuneka abaphethe iimpahla kude kube yindawo yokuhanjiswa.

Luxanduva lwabo ukuqinisekisa ukuhanjiswa ngempumelelo kwempahla kwindawo yakho yegama lokufika.

Kwimeko apho ingxaki ivela ngexesha lokuhamba, ((umthengisi) baphathe umngcipheko.

Ngokwahlukileyo, phantsi kwekota kunye nonobumba c, umboneleli wakho unoxanduva lokulungiselela kwaye uhlawule inqwelo kuphela.

Ke ngoko, ukuba ingxaki ivela ngexesha lokuhamba, nguwe othwala umngcipheko.

Amaqela e-Incoryms

I-Exw (esebenzayo), iFob (yasimahla kwiBhodi) kunye neFCA (i-Dca) yeyona nto ithandwayo ye-ACH.

Nangona kunjalo, kuninzi ngakumbi malunga nezi kunye nezinye iindlela zokufunda.

Kuba zisitwimisi esisemthethweni, ezibhaliweyo kwimbono esemthethweni, amagama orhwebo lwamanye amazwe anokuba nzima okanye aqonde ngokulula.

Ukwenza isigqibo esingalunganga kunokubangela ukuthunyelwa kwakho kube yindleko ebusuku.

Ngesi sizathu, ndilungiselele esi sikhokelo sibanzi sengxaki ka-2010 ukwenza ukuba ukuthunyelwa kwakho ukusuka e-China kulula kwaye kulula.

Masiye ngqo kwimithetho eli-11 ye-Informs ka-2010 - akunjalo?

I-CIF-Ixabiso, i-inshurensi, kunye nempahla

Xa usebenzisa i-cif ye-CIF yokuThunyelwa kwi-China, ngumthengisi onoxanduva lokwenza:

i.Ukuthumela kwelinye ilizwe

II.I-Inshurensi yeinshurensi

III.Iindleko eziphambili zothutho ukuya kwizibuko elichongiweyo

I-Istterm isebenza kuphela kwi-Inland nakwiindlela zaselwandle zothutho.

I-CIF Conterm-Ifoto ngoncedo: Imigaqo yezorhwebo yamazwe

Uxanduva lomthengisi (isishwankathelo)

Apha ngezantsi kukho ezinye zeembophelelo eziphambili zomthengisi:

Amaxwebhu elayisensi kunye namaxwebhu esiko

Ngomngcipheko wabo kunye neendleko, umthengisi ufumana zonke iilayisensi eziyimfuneko zokuthumela kwelinye ilizwe kunye nephepha.

Bayahlawula kwakhona imisebenzi efunekayo yokuthumela kwelinye ilizwe kunye nerhafu.

I-inshurensi kunye ne-inshurensi

Umboneleli wakho unoxanduva lokuhambisa kunye nokugcina iimpahla ukuya kwizibuko lokufika.

Nangona kunjalo, xa umthwalo wawuwela uloliwe wenqanawa kwi-port, uthatha uxanduva lokulahleka okanye ukonakala.

Ndingacebisa ukuba unyanzelise ipolisi yeinshurensi ekuvumela ukuba ufake ifayile ngqo kwinkampani yeinshurensi.

Ukuhambisa

Umthengisi unegunya lokuhambisa iimpahla ukuya kwizibuko lakho.

Ukuhanjiswa kuthathwa njengokwenziwe nje ukuba iimpahla zidlwengulwe kwizibuko lakho.

Iindleko

Umthengisi wakho ugubungela zonke iindleko zothutho, i-inshurensi kunye nazo zonke iindleko ezinxulumene nokuthumela ngaphandle eTshayina.

Uxanduva loMthengi (isishwankathelo)

Apha ngezantsi kukho ezinye zeembophelelo eziphambili zomthengi:

Amaxwebhu elayisensi kunye namaxwebhu amasiko

Njengomthengi, ugunyazisiwe ukuba uhlangane kwaye uhlangabezane nazo zonke iindleko ezinxulumene ne-protocol yokungenisa iquka imisebenzi esetyenziswayo kunye nerhafu.

I-cartive

Unoxanduva lokuthuthwa kwempahla evela kwizibuko elikhankanywe kwindawo yokugqibela yokuhambisa.

Ukudluliselwa kwengozi

Uthatha uxanduva lomngcipheko wokulahleka okanye ukonakala ukusuka kwangoko umthwalo wenqanawa uwela uloliwe wenqanawa ngexesha lokufika.

Iindleko

Unoxanduva lwazo zonke iindleko malunga neempahla ukusuka kwixesha lokudonsa kwindawo oya kuyo.

Izityholo zibandakanya ukukhulula, ukuphatha kwiPort, kunye nokungenisa iifizi zeNkcubeko.

Ngaphandle kokuba umthengisi enoxanduva lokufumana nokuhlangana ne-inshurensi ngexesha lokuhambisa, unokwenza umdla "wokuba nomdla" kamsinya nje emva kokuba umthwalo ufikelela kwizibuko.

Ndingacebisa ukuba ufumane i-inshurensi eyongezelelweyo yeinshurensi ngelixa uhambisa kwindawo yakho yokugqibela.

Umzekelo wendlela yokubala ixabiso phantsi kwe-CIF

Ungangena kwimvumelwano yokuthengisa ngenkampani yokuthengisa e-China ukuba ikunike i-2000 yeebhentshi zeBench.

Umboneleli unoxanduva lokuhambisa iimveliso kwisitekisi esikhohlakeleyo.

Umthengisi wakho (inkampani yokuthengisa) ifumana iimpahla kumvelisi ohlawula amaxabisoI-invoice VATkwiI-117 RMMI-Bench yeBonch.

Thatha uMvelisi uyakonwabela i-VAT Inqanaba lokubuyiselwa kwe-VAT ye-5%, ekhokelela kuyoI-117 / 1.17X0.05 = 5 RMBImbuyiselo kwiyunithi nganye.

Ukuba, umzekelo, umthengisi wakho ufuna ukwenza inzuzo yeI-12 RMMI-Bench Clamp, i-kean eyongezelelweyo12 - 5 = I-7 RMMkufuneka kongezwe kwixabiso leyunithi.

Thatha i-factopment theating, ukucocwa kwesiko, kunye neendleko zokuhlola ezorhwebo zizonkeI-2 RMMkwicandelo ngalinye; emva kokoIxabiso le-fob lilonkekufanele ukubaI-117 + 7 + 2 = 126 RMM.

Ukuba inqanaba lotshintshiselwano likhonaI-1 USD = 6 RMB, ixabiso le-fob liya kubaI-126/6 = 21 i-USD.

Ngamanye amaxesha isivumelwano sithi inqaku lokuziswa likwindawo yokugcina izinto.

Ke iindleko zezothutho ezivela kwindawo yokugcina izinto ukuya kwisiphelo sendlela, esithatyathwayoI-0.6 RMBKwibhentshi nganye yebhentshi, kufuneka uhlawulwe nguwe.

Ke ngoko, ixabiso le-fob lifanele ukubaI-126 RMB + i-0.6 RMM = 126.6 RMB, eguqula21.1 I-USDNgokwesinga lotshintshiselwano.

Kwaye ucinge ngexabiso le-preight le-20 'le-carner ukuya kwindawo yakhoI-USD,kwayeIiyunithi ezingama-2000I-Bench Clamp inokulingana kwisitya esinye se-20. Yiyo loo nto indleko iphakathi kwexabiso le-Bench kwi-Bench nganye iya kubaI-1 i-USD.

Ke ngoko,I-CFR = FOB + iFreight = 21 + 1 = 22 =(21.1) + 1 = 22.1iUSD

Phawula:Ixabiso kwizibiyeli kuxa inqaku lokuhambisa likwindawo yokugcina izinto.

Xa iindleko zeinshurensi zisetyenziswa njenge-0.8 / 100 ye-110% yexabiso le-invoice, emva koko iindleko zeinshurensi zingabalwa njenge:

22 (22.1) X 1.1 X0.008 = 0.19 USD

Ke,I-cif = i-CFR + i-inshurensi yeendleko = 22 / (22.1) + 0.19 = 22.19 / (22.19)iUSD

I-EX E imisebenzi (Exw)

Phantsi, umthengisi ubeka iimpahla ngaphakathi kufikelele kwizakhiwo zabo okanye kwi-terminal yabo.

Exw

Emva kokusikwa kweli nqaku, uya kuthatha yonke imingcipheko kunye neendleko kumthengisi.

Kwakhona, kubalulekile ukuba uyazi ukuba le cottm isebenza kuzo zonke iindlela okanye izithuthi ezininzi.

Uxanduva lomthengisi (isishwankathelo)

Nalu ezinye zeembopheleleko eziphambili zomthengisi phantsi kwe-Exw Cogterm:

Amaxwebhu elayisensi kunye namaxwebhu amasiko

Kwisicelo sakho, umngcipheko kunye nenkcitho, umthengisi kufuneka anike uncedo ekufumaneni amaphepha-mvume, amaxwebhu kunye neemvume kuya kufuneka ukhuphele ngaphandle kwaye ungenise eziveliseni iimveliso.

I-cartive

Kuya kufuneka wazi ukuba eli gama alinyanzelekanga ukuba ikhuphe inqwelo moya.

Iindleko

Umthengisi ugubungela zonke iindleko de iimveliso zibekwe ngaphakathi, kwiimeko ezininzi kwizakhiwo zomthengisi okanye i-terminal yesikhongozeli.

Ezi ndleko ziqokelela ukupakisha ngaphandle okanye kwesatifikethi sokuhlola (ukuba kukho imfuneko.)

I-Exw iCoterm

Uxanduva loMthengi (isishwankathelo)

Olunye uxanduva oluphambili lomthengi phantsi kwe-Exw Ibandakanya:

Iilayisensi kunye namaphepha amaphepha

Kumngcipheko wakho kunye neendleko, unoxanduva lokufumana zonke iilayisenisi zokuthengiswa nokuthengiswa ngaphandle kunye nemvume yokungenisa, amaphepha-mvume, amaxwebhu, imisebenzi kunye nerhafu.

Ukudluliselwa kwengozi

Uthatha wonke umngcipheko wokulahleka okanye ukonakala ukusuka kumzuzu umthengisi ubeke iimpahla ngaphakathi.

Iindleko

Ugubungela zonke iindleko ezilandelayo ukusuka kumzuzu umthengisi wenze iimpahla ezifumanekayo kuwe.

Ibandakanya naziphi na iindleko ngenxa yokuba usilela ukufumana iimpahla ngexesha lokuhanjiswa.

Uya kuqonda ukuba abathengisi basebenzisa ulawulo lwangaphandle xa besenza isicatshulwa sokuthengisa iimveliso zabo.

Imele ixabiso leempahla ezithabatha nayiphi na iindleko ezongezelelweyo.

· Umzekelo wendlela yokubala ixabiso phantsi kwemigaqo ephambili

Ndiza kuwusebenzisa umzekelo odlulileyo kule meko:

Uthenga i-Clack Clamps kwinkampani yorhwebo evela kuMvelisi eTshayina, kunye nexabiso kwi-invoice ye-VATI-112 RMB.

Kuba umenzi uyakonwabela aI-5% ireyithi yokubuyiselwa kwerhafu, imbuyekezo yerhafu kwiyunithi nganyeI-117 / 1.17X0.05 = 5 RMB.

Kwaye masitsho umthengisi wakho (inkampani yokuthengisa) ifuna inzuzo yeI-12 RMBkwiyunithi nganye, emva koko12 - 5 = I-7 RMMkufanele ukuba ibandakanywe kwixabiso.

Ke, ixabiso le-Exw nganye nganye iyunithi kufuneka ibeI-117 + 7 = 124 RMM. Masithi ireyithi yotshintshiselwanoyi-1 USD = 6 RMMB, ixabiso le-Exw lelo124/6 = 20.67 USDI-Bench yeBonch.

I-Carrier yasimahla (FCA)

Esi siciko sifuna ukuba umthengisi acoce iimpahla zokuthengiswa ngaphandle ke azinikele kumphathi ogama linguwe.

Eli gama lilungele zonke iindlela okanye iindlela ezininzi zothutho.

Cfa

Uxanduva lomthengisi (isishwankathelo)

Olunye uxanduva oluphambili lomthengisi phantsi kweCFA lubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

Iilayisensi kunye namaphepha amaphepha

Umthengisi uyadingeka ngomngcipheko wazo kunye neendleko zokwenza zonke iiprotocol zokuthumela, kubandakanya nokufumana iilayisensi eziyimfuneko, amaphepha-mvume kunye nokuhlawula imisebenzi kunye neerhafu.

I-cartive

Umthengisi akanyanzelekanga ukuba enze izithuthi emva kokuba enike iimpahla kumphathi wakho omiselweyo.

Ukuhambisa

Umthengisi ucingelwa ukuba uhambise iimveliso xa sele elayishele kwi-8 yakho enikeziweyo okanye ebangenise kwi-raight yakho eyenziweyo.

Iindleko

Umthengisi ugubungela zonke iindleko de anike iimpahla kumphathi wakho omiselweyo okanye i-freight phambili.

Uxanduva loMthengi (isishwankathelo)

Kwezi ntende, umthengi uneembophelelo zilandelayo:

Iilayisensi kunye namaphepha amaphepha

Uyacelwa ukuba wenze kwaye uhlangabezane neendleko zazo zonke izinto ezisesikweni ezinxulumene nokungenisa elizweni, kubandakanya ukufumana iilayisensi eziyimfuneko, amaphepha mvume kunye nerhafu.

I-cartive

Uphethe ukuthutha ukusuka kumzuzu umthengisi uhambisa iimpahla kumphathi.

Ukudluliselwa kwengozi

Ucinga uxanduva lomngcipheko wokulahleka, ubusela okanye intshabalalo emva kokuba umthengisi ehambisa iimpahla kwi-8.

Iindleko

Uthatha uxanduva lwenqwelwana lenqwelwana kunye neinshurensi kwangoko emva kokuba umthengisi uzinike iimpahla kwi-8.

"I-Carrier" inentsingiselo ebanzi kunye nenye.

Umntu ophethe inqwelo moya, inkampani yelori, uloliwe, okanye umgca wokuhambisa.

Ngaphezu koko, umphathi unokungaba ngumntu okanye inkampani enika iindlela zothutho, njengearhente yokudlulisela impahla.

Isimahla ecaleni kwenqanawa (FAS)

Le nto igunyazisa umthengisi ukuba enze imvume yokuthumela kwelinye ilizwe kwaye emva koko icwangcisa ukuhanjiswa kweempahla ecaleni kwenqanawa ebizwa ngegama lokuhambisa.

I-FAS

Eli gama lisebenza kwi-Inland Waterway kunye neendlela zaselwandle ezothutho kuphela.

Uxanduva lomthengisi (isishwankathelo)

Uxanduva oluphambili apha lubandakanya:

Iilayisensi kunye namaphepha amaphepha

Umthengisi uyafuneka ngomngcipheko kunye neendleko zokwenza zonke iinkqubo ezinxulumene nokuthumela kwelinye ilizwe kubandakanya ukufumana amaphepha-mvume okufumana iilayisensi, amaphepha mvume, amaxwebhu kunye nokuhlawula imisebenzi yentengiso kunye nerhafu.

I-cartive

Umthengisi unika kuphela inqwelwana ngaphambi kwexesha.

Ukuhambisa

Ukuhanjiswa kweempahla kuthathwa njengokwenziwe xa umthengisi efumana iimveliso ecaleni kwenqanawa ngexesha ekuvunyelwene ngalo.

Iindleko

Umthengisi uthabatha ukhathalelo kuzo zonke iindleko de abeka umthwalo kunye nenqanawa ebizwa ngegama.

Uxanduva loMthengi (isishwankathelo)

Olona phelelo lubalulekileyo lubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

Iilayisensi kunye namaphepha amaphepha

Uyacelwa ukuba wenze zonke iiprothokholi zokungenisa elizweni, kubandakanya ukhusela iilayisensi ezifanelekileyo, ivumela amaxwebhu kunye nokuhlawula imisebenzi yengeniso kunye nerhafu.

I-cartive

Uthatha uxanduva lokuhamba ukusuka kwizibuko elitshiwayo.

Ukudluliselwa kwengozi

Umngcipheko wokulahleka okanye intshabalalo idlula kuwe ukusuka kumzuzu umthengisi ubeka iimpahla kunye nenqanawa enikwe inikwe iNanka.

Iindleko

Ugubungela zonke iindleko zothutho ne-inshurensi ekunene kwixesha lomthengisi ubeka iimveliso ecaleni kwenqanawa.

Simahla kwibhodi (fob)

Ikota ye-FOB yenza umthengisi onoxanduva lokukhutshelwa kweziko langaphandle kunye nokuhambisa intengiso yakho ekwenzeni inqanawa ebizwa ngokuba yinqanawa ebizwayo kwizibuko elichongiweyo.

Le nto isebenza kwi-Interland kwaye iRurine Shrineys kuphela.

Fob

Uxanduva lomthengisi (isishwankathelo)

Uxanduva oluphambili lomthengisi lubandakanya:

Iilayisensi kunye namaphepha amaphepha

Umthengisi uthembisa ngemingcipheko yabo kwaye uxabisa zonke iinkqubo zokuthumela kwelinye ilizwe, kubandakanya ukufumana amaphepha-mvume okufanelekileyo, amaphepha-mvume, amaxwebhu kunye nokuhlawula irhafu.

I-cartive

Umthengisi ubonelela ngezothutho kunye nokulayisha iimpahla kwinqanawa enegama.

Ukuhambisa

Umthengisi uthathwa njengowenze ukuhanjiswa xa sele elayishe iimpahla kwinqanawa enikwe igama kwi-port echongiweyo kunye nexesha elimiselweyo.

Iindleko

Umthengisi uthabatha ukhathalelo kuzo zonke iindleko kude kufike iimpahla kwinqanawa etyunjiweyo.

Uxanduva loMthengi (isishwankathelo)

Nazi uxanduva oluphambili bomthengi kwi-fob conterm:

Iilayisensi kunye namaphepha amaphepha

Uyacelwa ukuba wenze zonke iiprotpolo zokungenisa elizweni, kubandakanya nokufika apho kufanelekileyo, amaxwebhu, amaxwebhu, amaphepha-mvume, amaphepha mvume kwaye ahlawule imisebenzi kunye nerhafu.

I-cartive

Uphethe izithuthi zempahla ezivela kwizibuko eliphakathi lokuthumela kwindawo yakho yokugqibela.

Ukudluliselwa kwengozi

Umngcipheko wokulahleka, ubusela okanye umonakalo udluliselwa kumthengisi kuwe xa iimpahla zikhwele inqanawa yokuhambisa.

Iindleko

Uhlangabezana nazo zonke iindleko zokuhamba kunye ne-inshurensi ukusuka kulo mzuzu umthengisi ulayisha iimpahla kwinqanawa enikwe igama.

Ngolunye uhlobo lomthwalo, kuya kufuneka wenze eminye imisebenzi ngaphambi kokuba inqanawa ihambe kwizibuko lokuhambisa.

• Isitolo kunye nokutshixa-Ukubeka umthwalo ngokufanelekileyo kwinqanawa (ehambelana nokuzinza kwenqanawa, ezinye iimpahla ezilayishwe, njlnjl) kunye nokufumana umthwalo ukuphepha intshukumo yayo kwi-Seas yayo.
• Ukungasebenzi-Ukulalela izixhobo zokupakisha iimpahla, iibhasi zomoya njl.

Nangona kunjalo, umthetho we-fob awuyigqume le misebenzi-umthengisi ulufezekisa uxanduva lwayo xa umthwalo "ulayishwe ebhodini."

Ukuze kwenzeke ezi zinto zempahla ethile kwaye ziya kwenziwa ngumthengisi, ungabhala igama njengeI-FOB Stoud kwaye iphumile.

Ngokubalulekileyo, qinisekisa ukubandakanya uxanduva kwezi ndleko kwimvumelwano yentengiso.

Kuxhomekeka ekubeni ngubani onoxanduva lokuhlawula iindleko, ezinye izinto ezahlukeneyo ze-fob zihlala zisetyenziswa njenge:

• I-Fob LinerIkota ibonisa ukuba umntu ohlawula iindleko zokulayisha liqela (onoxanduva lokujongana neendleko zokuhambisa. Eli gama liyafana nokuba i-linder yempahla.
• IFOB phantsiibonisa ukuba umthengisi ubeka iimpahla ngaphakathi kokuchithwa kwenqanawa yokuhambisa, kwaye ugubungela indleko zokulayisha emva kokuba impahla iphakanyisiwe.
• I-FOB Stoud, iFobs,ibonisa ukuba umthengisi unoxanduva lokulayisha impahla ekhutshelweyo kwinqanawa yokuhambisa, kwaye ugubungela zombini ukulayisha kunye neendleko zokugxeka.
• I-FOB ibotshwe, fobt.

Umzekelo wendlela yokubala ixabiso phantsi kwe-fob

Ndizakusebenzisa umzekelo wethu wangaphambili wolu lo mzekeliso:

Masithi singena kwiNtetho yokuThengisa ngeNkampani yoRhwebo e-China ukuba ibonelele ngamaqhinga eebhedi ezingama-2000.

Imithombo yenkampani ye-oda yakho evela kuMvelisi wexabiso layo kwiCandelo ngalinye kwi-invoice ye-VATI-112 RMB kunye ne-17% VAT.

Umenzi uyayonwabela ireyithi yerhafu ye-5%, kuthetha ukubuyiselwa kwerhafu kuyo yonke iyunithi yenkqutyana yebhediI-117 / 1.7X0.05 = 5 RMMB.

Cinga inkampani yokurhweba ifuna inzuzo ye-net kwiyunithi nganye ibeI-12 RMB, emva koko eyongezelelweyoI-12-5 = 7 RMBkufanele ukuba ibandakanywe kwixabiso.

Ngokwesiqhelo, inqaku lokuhambisa elichazwe sisiVumelwano likwizibuko elitshiweyo lokuhambisa kunye nomthwalo kwibhodi ekhutshelweyo kwinqanawa echongiweyo.

Inkampani yokurhweba kufuneka inoxanduva lwexabiso laphambi kwenqwelomoya kwisiphelo sentente, ethiI-0.6 RMBkwiyunithi nganye.

Xela ukucocwa kwesiko, izinto zokuhlola, uhlolo lwezorhwebo, ukuphatha ngesandla

Ke, iIxabiso le-fob ngu-117 + 0.6 + 7 + 2 = 126.6 RMM.

Masithi sisebenzisa ireyithi yotshintshiselwano yeI-1 USD = 6 RMB,Ixabiso lokugqibela lefob linjalo126.6 / 6 = 21.1 i-USD.

IFOB iphakathi kweyona mithetho isetyenziswayo ngo-2010.

Eli gama kufuneka lifakwe kwi-marine kunye ne-Inland Ally Modey yothutho kuphela kwaye hayi kwinqanawa yomoya okanye yelori.

Umgca nyk

Ngapha koko, eli gama lisebenza kwizinto ezingafakwanga kuphela.

Ke ukuba usebenzisa i-gob ngoku iqhinga, qwalasela imibandela yokuhambisa iFCA endaweni yoko.

Ixabiso kunye ne-traight (CFR)

Xa ukuhambisa phantsi kwemali, umboneleli wakho unoxanduva lokucocwa kwesiko e-China nakwiintlawulo zentlawulo kwizibuko elibilini.

Eli gama lisetyenziswa kuphela kwiizothutho zaselwandle kunye ne-inland.

Uxanduva lomthengisi (isishwankathelo)

Uxanduva oluphambili apha lubandakanya:

Iilayisensi kunye namaphepha amaphepha

Umthengisi ubusela kwimingcipheko yabo kwaye ubiza onke amaphepha-mvume okuthumela ngaphandle, amaphepha-mvume, amaphepha, imisebenzi kunye nerhafu.

Kwakhona, wenza zonke iinkqubo ezifunekayo zokuthumela kwelinye ilizwe.

I-cartive

Umthengisi ubotshelelwe ngokusemthethweni ukuba alungiselele ngokupheleleyo ukuthuthwa kwezinto kwizibuko lakho ezichongiweyo.

Kodwa, kamsinya nje ukuba iimveliso ziwele uloliwe wenqanawa kwizibuko lokuhamba, unoxanduva lokulahleka, ubusela okanye umonakalo.

Ukuhambisa

Umthengisi ugqibezela uxanduva lokuhambisa ngalo mzuzu ulayisha ukuthunyelwa kwinqanawa yokuhambisa kwizibuko eliphumayo.

Iindleko

Umthengisi ugubungela zonke iindleko zokuhamba kwizibuko elibilini.

Uxanduva loMthengi (isishwankathelo)

Apha, uxanduva oluphambili lubandakanya:

Iilayisensi kunye namaphepha amaphepha

Ugunyazisiwe ukuba wenze zonke iinkqubo zokungenisa elizweni kwaye unakekele zonke iindleko kubandakanya imisebenzi nerhafu.

I-cartive

Unoxanduva lokufumana inqwelo-mafutha evela kwindawo oya kuyo kwindawo yakho yokugqibela.

Ukudluliselwa kwengozi

Kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba ukudluliselwa komngcipheko kumthengisi kuye kwenzeka kwangoko iimpahla ziwele uloliwe wenqanawa kwi-port ye-port.

Iindleko

Uphethe nayiphi na inkcitho eyongezelelweyo ukusuka kumzuzu impahla ifikelela kwizibuko lakho.

Nangona umthengisi usenokungabi natyala ngokusemthethweni ukuthunyelwa kube kanye ukuba awele uloliwe wenqanawa kwizibuko lasephandle, banokugcina "umdla ongagungqiyo" ngexesha lohambo.

Ngesi sizathu, ndincoma ukuba bathenga ikhava yeinshurensi eyongezelelweyo.

Umzekelo wendlela yokubala ixabiso phantsi kwe-CFR

Ndiza kusebenzisa umzekelo apho uthenga ngqo kumvelisi kunokuba ngenkampani yorhwebo.

Siza kusebenzisa i-odolo efanayo ye2000Ibhedi yebhedi ifakwe kwisitya esinye se-20, kwaye ufuna ixabiso le-CFR Sydney.

Ixabiso elifanelekileyo lokwenza iyunithi yenkqutyana yebhediyi-56 RMB.

Makhe siqwalasele uMvelisi ufuna inzuzo ye5MBkunye nomrhumo wokupakisha kwicandelo ngalinyeyi-2 RMMKe, ixabiso lefektri yeyunithi nganye yenkqutyana iya kubaI-63 RMM.

Masicinge ukuba indleko zenqwelwana kumzi-mveliso ukuya kwisiphelo sententeI-2000 RMB, intsingiseloI-1 RMMkwiyunithi nganye.

Ukuba indleko zokucocwa kwesiko lokuThumela ngaphandle, ukuphatha i-terminal, impahla kunye ne-compaoding toI-4000 RMB,Intsingiselo ixabisaI-2 RMMIbhedi nganye yebhedi.

Ke ngoko, ixabiso le-fob = ixabiso lefektri (I-63 RMM) Iindleko zenqwelomoya (I-1 RMM) Iindleko zePortI-2 RMM) =I-66 RMB.

Cinga ukubala ezi ndleko usebenzisa inqanaba lokutshintsha kweI-1 USD = 6.6 RMB, uya kuhlawula ixabiso le-fobI-66 / 6.6 = i-USDkwibhedi nganye yebhedi.

Kuba intlawulo ye-preight ye-20 'I-Chotiments evela eChina ukuya eSydneyI-2000 RMB, ngaloo ndlela ke intlawulo yempahla yecandelo ngalinyeI-2000SD / 2000 iyunithi = 1 i-USDkwiyunithi nganye.

Ngenxa yoko,Ixabiso le-CFR = Ixabiso le-fob + impahla ye-preight = 10 + 1 = 11 i-USDiyunithi nganye yekhonkco yebhedi.

Inqwelomoya ehlawulwa (i-CPT)

Ngale cebo, umthengisi uthembisa ukuba imvume yokuthumela ngaphandle kunye nenqwelwana kwindawo enegama.

Ucinga ukuba yonke imingcipheko yelahleko, ubusela okanye intshabalalo ukusuka ngexesha lomthengisi inika iimpahla kumthwali ophambili.

I-cpt

Ithuba le-CPT lisebenza nakweyiphi na indlela yothutho

Uxanduva lomthengisi (isishwankathelo)

Kwezi meko, uxanduva lomthengisi lubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

Iilayisensi kunye namaphepha amaphepha

Umthengisi ufumana emngciphekweni kwaye inkcitho yabo i-mvume, imvume, imisebenzi kunye neerhafu.

Benza nazo zonke iinkqubo zokuthumela kwelinye ilizwe.

I-cartive

Umthengisi uphethe ukuthutha kwi-terminal echongiweyo okanye izibuko kwindawo oya kuyo.

Ukuhambisa

Umthengisi uthathwa njengezinikele iimpahla kuwe kanye ukuba unikezele kumphathi ophambili.

Iindleko

Umthengisi uthatha ukhathalela zonke iindleko de kufike iimpahla kwi-terminal yegama okanye izibuko, kodwa zilayishwe.

Uxanduva loMthengi (isishwankathelo)

Njengomthengi, uxanduva lwakho luya kubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

Iilayisensi kunye namaphepha amaphepha

Unyanzelekile ukuba unyamekele zonke izinto ezisesikweni ezinxulumene nokungenisa elizweni, kubandakanya ukucocwa kwesiko kunye nokuhlawula imisebenzi yokungenisa elizweni kunye neerhafu

I-cartive

Akubonisi sibophelelo sokubonelela ngeyona ndlela iphambili yokuhamba kwempahla.

Ukudluliselwa kwengozi

Uqala ukuba noxanduva lomngcipheko wokulahleka, ubusela okanye umonakalo kanye ngexesha leemveliso ezinikezelwe kwinqwelo yokuqala.

Iindleko

Unoxanduva lwazo naziphi na iindleko ezongezelelweyo emva kokuba umthengisi uthathe iimpahla kwindawo ekuvunyelwene ngayo.

Nangona wena okanye umboneleli unoxanduva lokubonelela nge-Inshurensi ngexesha lothutho, nobabini unokufumana umdla obangela innyano.

Ngenxa yale nyaniso, ndicebisa ukuba ufike kwikhava ye-inshurensi eyongezelelweyo yaselwandle.

Kwimeko yokuthutha i-multimodal, ingozi ivela kumthengisi kuwe xa umthengisi ehambisa iimveliso kwinqwelo yokuqala.

Inqwelomoya kunye ne-inshurensi ehlawulwa (i-cip)

Apha, umthengisi uthathela ingqalelo ukucocwa kwamasiko okuthunyelwa, i-inshurensi yokugubungela, kunye nenqwelwana kwindawo enegama.

Kodwa njengomthengi, unoxanduva lokuba wonke umngcipheko wokulahleka, ubusela okanye umonakalo ukusuka kumzuzu umntu othengisayo uthumela iimpahla kwiPriers ephambili.

I-CIP nayo iwele phakathi kweengxaki ezisebenza kuyo nayiphi na indlela yokuhamba.

Uxanduva lomthengisi (isishwankathelo)

Njengomthengisi, uxanduva lwakho luya kubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

Iilayisensi kunye namaphepha amaphepha

Umthengisi ufumana emngciphekweni kwaye inkcitho yabo zonke iilayisensi zentengiso ezifanelekileyo, imisebenzi, irhafu, amaphepha mvume kunye neenkqubo zokuthumela kwelinye ilizwe.

I-inshurensi kunye ne-inshurensi

Ikota egunyazisa umthengisi ukuba acwangcise ezona ziphambili zokuhamba kunye ne-inshurensi yempahla yakho ukuya kwinqanaba lokuhanjiswa.

Ngokubalulekileyo, i-inshurensi kufuneka ikuvumele ukufaka ifayile kwi-inshurensi.

Ukuhambisa

Umthengisi uthathwa njengezigqibile ukuhanjiswa xa sele ethumele iimpahla ziye kwi-concer ephambili.

Iindleko

Umthengisi wakho e-China ugubungela iinqwelwana zenqwelwana kunye neinshurensi de kube zizibuko ezichongiweyo.

Uxanduva loMthengi (isishwankathelo)

Owona mgcini uphambili womthengi ubandakanya:

Iilayisensi kunye namaphepha amaphepha

Usonjululwa ukuba uhlangane zonke iindleko ezinxulumene neenkqubo zokungenisa imisebenzi equka imisebenzi nerhafu.

I-cartive

Le nto ayinyanzelekanga ukuba ibonelele ngezothutho kwi-terminal echongiweyo okanye izibuko lokuya.

Ukudluliselwa kwengozi

Ucinga ukuba uxanduva lokulahleka, ubusela okanye ukonakaliswa kwangoko emva kokuba umthengisi uzinike iimpahla kumphathi ophambili.

Iindleko

Unoxanduva lwazo naziphi na iindleko ezongezelelweyo emva kokuba iimpahla zikhethekile kwisiphelo sendlela okanye isibuko esiya kulo.

I-DAD-ihanjisiwe kwi-terminal

Le nto inyanzelisa umthengisi ukuba ahlawule zonke iindleko ezinxulumene nokufumana iimveliso zakho kwisiphelo sendlela ekhethiweyo.

Indleko ikwabandakanya ukuthumela ngaphandle kwenqanawa yokufika kwezothutho.

Data

Ukuba ufuna ukungazinzisi okunokufaka isicelo kuyo nayiphi na indlela okanye iindlela ezininzi zothutho, emva koko i-data yenye yeendlela ozikhethayo.

Uxanduva lomthengisi (isishwankathelo)

Owona mthengisi uphambili womthengisi ubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

Iilayisensi kunye namaphepha amaphepha

Umthengisi ufumana emngciphekweni wakhe nakwiindleko zawo zonke iilayisensi ezifunekayo zokuthumela izinto ngaphandle, imisebenzi, irhafu, imvume, kunye neenkqubo zokuthumela kwelinye ilizwe.

I-cartive

Umxhasi wakho unyanzelekile ukuba athutha kwaye aqinisekise ukuba iimpahla ziyafumaneka kuwe kwindawo oya kuyo.

Kwakhona, kufuneka alayishe umthwalo kwinqanawa yezothutho.

Ukuhambisa

Umthengisi ugqibezela ukuhanjiswa emva kokubambisa iimpahla kumphathi kwindawo oya kuyo okanye kwizibuko.

Iindleko

Umthengisi wakho ugubungela zonke iindleko de kube sekupheleni, equka nayiphi na indawo yokuphatha kunye nezinye iindleko ezinxulumene noko.

Uxanduva loMthengi (isishwankathelo)

Uxanduva lwakho njengomthengi luya kubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

Iilayisensi kunye namaphepha amaphepha

Unyanzelekile ukuba uhambise kwaye uhlawule zonke iinkqubo ezinxulumene nokuNgena kuquka ukucaciswa kwesiko kunye nemisebenzi yokuthumela kwelinye ilizwe kunye nerhafu.

I-cartive

Awukhathalelanga uxanduva lokulungiselela ukuthutha okuphambili kwempahla

Ukudluliselwa kwengozi

Umngcipheko udluliselwa kumthengisi kuwe emva kokuba eyenza iimpahla zifumaneke kuwe kwitheminali.

Iindleko

Le nto iyenza inoxanduva lwazo naziphi na iindleko ezalandelayo emva kokuba umboneleli ehambise ukuthunyelwa kwindawo oya kuyo.

Phambi kokuba sifudukele kwi-Actionals elandelayo yolawulo ngo-2010, ndiziva ngathi kubalulekile ukuba ndikwazise malunga "nokuhambisa i-ex quay" (deq).

Abanye abathengisi e-China basenokukhetha ukuyisebenzisa.

I-DEQ yenye yemithetho engaziziyo ezingama-2000 efuna ukuba umthengisi ahambisa iimveliso kwi-Wirf kwindawo yokufika.

Nangona kunjalo, i-dat tit ithathe indawo yekota kwi-Actmmms.

Inkcazo ye-Ex

Njengoko benditshilo apha ngasentla, i-DEQ yayilixesha lokurhweba elichazwe yiNgeniso ka-2000 uhlaziyo.

Uyaqonda ukuba inxalenye ye "D" yecotem yenze ukuba ibe ngumthengisi.

Umthengisi wayenomthwalo wayo yonke imingcipheko kunye neendleko de azinike iimpahla njengoko kubonisiwe kwisivumelwano sokuthengisa.

I-Deq

Ukuhanjiswa kwe-ex ekwakuthethwa ukuba umthengisi yayikukuhambisa iimpahla kwi-Wharf kwaye ke esebenza kwiindlela zaselwandle nakwilizwe laselwandle.

Yabhalwa njengomsebenzi ohlawulelwayo okanye ongahlawulwanga ngokuxhomekeke kwimvumelwano.

I-Deq yayikukukhetha ukuhambisa inqanawa yenqanawa (des).

Ngaphantsi kwexesha elidlulileyo, umthengisi wafumana iimpahla kuwe ekuqeshweni kwinqanawa yokuhambisa kwizibuko lokufika.

Ngokuchasene noko, i-DEQ ifuna ukuba umthengisi ukuthumela iimveliso kwi-WORF.

Ukuze usebenzise i-Deq, umthengisi wakho kuye kwafuneka enze ilayisensi yokungenisa okanye avumeleke ngokusemthethweni ukuba azise kwilizwe lakho.

Kwakukugqitha ukuba bagcwalise onke amaxwebhu asemthethweni kunye neenkqubo eziyimfuneko ekuhanjisweni kweemveliso ukuya kwilizwe lakho.

UMGAQO-NKQUBO WOKUGQIBELA UTSHINTSHE I-DEQ kwi-Accoting 2010.

I-DAY ligama elibanzi kune-DEQ ukusukela kwi-termil "i-terminal" inokuba yindawo, nokuba yeyokuhamba kwamanzi okanye i-dock yolunye uhlobo lwendlela yokuhamba.

I-DAP-isuswe kwindawo (... yendawo yokufika)

Le nto inyanzela ukuba ikhuphe umthengisi ukuba ihambisa iimpahla kwindawo echongiweyo kwindawo oya kuyo (ubukhulu becala ucango lwakho), zilungele ukukhulula kwiindlela zothutho.

Dap

I-DAP ikunika uxanduva olulinganiselweyo njengoko unyanzelekile ukuba enze imvume yokungenisa elizweni.

Ukuba i-DDD yayiyinto ethandekileyo yakho yokuhambisa, emva koko unayo umntu obambeleyo kwi-dap.

Uxanduva lomthengisi (isishwankathelo)

Uxanduva lwakho luya kubandakanya:

Iilayisensi kunye namaphepha amaphepha

Umthengisi uthembisa ngomngcipheko wazo kunye neendleko zonke iinkqubo zokuthumela ngaphandle, imisebenzi neerhafu.

I-cartive

Umthengisi wenziwa unoxanduva lokuhamba kwezinto kwindawo oyisiweyo.

Ukuhambisa

Umthengisi ugqibezela ukuhanjiswa kweenkonzo ngalo mzuzu uhambisa iimveliso kwindawo yakho echongiweyo, nangona ikhutshiwe.

Iindleko

Umthengisi unoxanduva lwazo zonke iindleko de anike umthwalo kwindawo echongiweyo.

Uxanduva loMthengi (isishwankathelo)

Uxanduva lwakho njengomthengi lubandakanya:

Iilayisensi kunye namaphepha amaphepha

Njengomngenisi elizweni, unoxanduva lwazo zonke iinkqubo ezinxulumene nokungenisa elizweni kubandakanya ukwenza amaphepha amasiko, ukufumana amaphepha-mvume efanelekileyo kunye nemisebenzi yokuhlawula irhafu.

I-cartive

Eli gama libeka luxanduva kuwe ukuba kude kube ngokusondeleyo kwiimpahla zichaphazelekayo.

Ukudluliselwa kwengozi

Kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba uqale ukuba unoxanduva kuwo wonke umngcipheko emva kokuba umthengisi afula iimpahla kuwe kwindawo echongiweyo.

Iindleko

Uqala ukuba noxanduva lwazo naziphi na iindleko ukusuka kumzuzu umthengisi uzinike iimpahla kwindawo echongiweyo.

Abanye abathengisi e-China basakhethe ukusebenzisa i-Informs 2000 imigaqo yokuhlaziya kwiimvumelwano zabo zentengiso.

Ke usenokuba ufike imibandelaDaf, i-DES,kwayeI-DDD.

Nangona kunjaloDapithathe amagama.

Kubalulekile ukuba ndibenze ukuba ubaqonde ukuba baphephe iingxaki ngexesha lokuhambisa.

Ihanjiswe kwi-prentier (daf)

I-AFSMS DAF yenze umthengisi onoxanduva lokuhlawula iimpahla kwindawo echongiweyo kumda.

Ukongeza, umthengisi wayenoxanduva kuzo zonke iiprotocols ezithunyelwa ngaphandle kunye namaxwebhu, kubandakanya imisebenzi nerhafu.

Daf

I-DAF enkulu yayisetyenziswa kwiNdlela ePhazulu okanye ezothutho kaloliwe, kodwa inokusetyenziswa ngokunjalo kwezinye iindlela zothutho.

Ihambise inqanawa yangaphambili (des)

Ukuba uthumela imiqathango, indawo yokuziswa kwinqanawa kwizibuko eliya kulo, kwaye kusebenza nge-marine kunye ne-inland yeendlela zamanzi ezothutho kuphela.

Phantsi kwengxaki, umthengisi waqwalaselwa ukuba uzinike iimpahla xa sele ebakhwele inqanawa yokuhambisa kwizibuko lokufika.

Des

Ngapha koko, umngcipheko kunye neendleko zokuthuthwa kweemveliso ukuya kwizibuko lokufika kwakukho kumthengisi.

Ihanjiswe umsebenzi ongahlawulwanga (DDD)

Ukuhanjiswa kwi-China phantsi kwe-China phantsi kweMigaqo yeDDD kuthetha ukuba umthengisi wayenoxanduva lokuhamba okuhle kwindawo echongiweyo, enoxanduva olungabhatalwanga.

Unoxanduva lokulayisha ukulungiselela ukusukela kuba umthengisi efezekisa uxanduva lokuhambisa emva kokuba ekhusela iimpahla kuwe ekwenzeni inqanawa yokuhambisa kwindawo oya kuyo.

Njengoko ubona, eli gama lenze ukuba uxanduva lokulayisha, ukungenisa isiko, kunye nazo zonke ezinye iindleko ezilandelayo.

Kuba i-inshurensi yinto ebalulekileyo xa ukuthunyelwa kwi-versanda, amagama eDUD anyanzele umthengisi ukuba alungiselele i-inshurensi yaselwandle ngeempahla.

Ihanjiswe ngomvuzo (i-DDP)

Nantsi enye i-cogterm ekushiya unoxanduva oluncinci.

Nge-DDP, umthengisi unoxanduva lwazo zonke iindleko ezinxulumene nokufumana iimpahla kwindawo yakho yendawo, ecinyiwe ukuba ingangeniswanga kwinqanawa.

I-DDP-Ifoto ngoncedo: Izezimali zoRhwebo

I-Indetm isebenza kuyo nayiphi na indlela yothutho.

Uxanduva lomthengisi (isishwankathelo)

Njengomthengisi wakho, uxanduva lwakho luya kubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

Iilayisensi kunye namaphepha amaphepha

Emngciphekweni wazo kunye neendleko, umthengisi ukhusela zonke iilayisensi zokuthumela kunye nokungenisa elizweni, imisebenzi, imisebenzi nerhafu.

I-cartive

Umthengisi ubotshelelwe ngokusemthethweni ukuba athutha iimpahla ukuya kwindawo yakho echongiweyo.

Ukuhambisa

Ukuhanjiswa kweempahla kuthathwa ukuba umthengisi ubazise kwindawo yakho oya kuyo, kodwa ayikhutshelwanga kwinqanawa yezothutho.

Iindleko

Umthengisi unoxanduva lwazo zonke iindleko de anike impahla kwindawo yakho echongiweyo, ubukhulu becala yakho.

Uxanduva loMthengi (isishwankathelo)

Njengomthengi, uxanduva lwakho lubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

Iilayisensi kunye namaphepha amaphepha

Uyafuneka ekunikezeleni, isicelo somxhasi wakho, nceda ukufumana iimvume ezifunekayo zokuthumela kwelinye ilizwe kunye nokungenisa elizweni, iphepha kunye neemvume.

I-cartive

Ngokusekwe kwizothutho zempahla, eli gama alizibeki uxanduva kuwe.

Ukudluliselwa kwengozi

Ukuthatha kuphela yonke imingcipheko yelahleko, ubusela okanye ukutshutshiswa emva kokuba umthengisi ethumele ukuthunyelwa kuwe kwindawo ekhethiweyo.

Iindleko

Zonke iindleko ezilandelayo emva kokuba umboneleli azise iimveliso ngaphakathi kweFiventi yakho kwindawo echongiweyo ikuwe.

Nali itshaneli yereferensi ekhawulezayo ye-Infoti ka-2010;

Khawuleza. kwiziyolo

Uthelekiso lwezinto ezingalunganga

Kweli candelo, ndiza kuthelekisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezinto onokuthi uziqwalasele ukuthunyelwa kwakho okulandelayo ukusuka eTshayina.

Umahluko phakathi kwe-coterms cif kunye ne-cip

Nantsi yonke into ofuna ukuyazi:

· Pose yothutho

I-CIF inokufaka isicelo kuphela kwezothutho lwe-port-to-port.

I-CIP isebenza kuzo zonke iindlela zothutho ezibandakanya umoya, ulwandle, uloliwe, umhlaba kunye noThutho lwe-Multimodal.

Ukuhambisa

Phantsi kwe-CIF amagama umthengisi ahambisa iimveliso ezikhutshelweyo kwinqanawa yokuhambisa kwindawo yokulayisha.

Phantsi kweMibandela ye-CIP Umthengisi uhambisa iimveliso kumthengi okanye omnye umntu owakhethiweyo ngumthengisi kwindawo ekuvunyelweyo ukuba ngaba bobabini bayavumelana kwindawo yokuhanjiswa.

Ukudluliselwa kwengozi

Phantsi kwe-CIF Imigaqo yokudluliselwa komngcipheko kwenzeka kwinqanawa kwinqanawa kwizibuko lasephandle.

Phantsi kweMibandela ye-CIP yokudluliselwa kwemingcipheko kwenzeka emva kokuhanjiswa kweempahla kwi-8

Ukulayisha kunye nokulayisha iindleko

Phantsi kwe-CIF Imigaqo enoxanduva ixhomekeke kwikota.

Phantsi kwe-CIP iindleko zigutyungelwe ngumthengisi, ngaphandle kwengcaciso.

Amaxwebhu enqwelomoya

Phantsi kwe-CIF amagama amaxwebhu enza iBhili ye-Anland Rayway kunye nezothutho lwaselwandle.

Phantsi kweMibandela ye-CIP AMAXHEZO AMANQAKU AQHUBEKELAYO YOLWAZI LOKUFUNDA, Ulwandle, Umoya, uloliwe kunye nezithuthi ze-multimodal.

· · · · · · · Kwathiwa indawo oya kuyo

Kwi-CIP kunye ne-cif igama lokufika kufuneka longezwe kanye emva kwekota.

Umahluko phakathi kwe-CPT kunye ne-CFR:

Ngaphambi kokuba ndikukhanyisele ngomahluko phakathi kwezinto ezizibini, mandiqale ndikwazise ngokufana phakathi kwezi zimbini.

Ukuthelekisa iZinga le-2010

• Zombini i-CPT kunye ne-CFR ziyimigaqo yokuhambisa apho umthengisi efuneke kuphela ukuhambisa iimpahla ngeshedyuli kodwa, akufuneki ukuba aqinisekise ngokufika kwabo kwishedyuli.
• Ngaphantsi kwemigca yomibini, umthengisi unoxanduva lokwenza ilungiselelo kunye nentlawulo yeendleko zenqwelomoya.
• Ukudluliselwa komngcipheko kuzo zombini iingxaki kusenzeka emva kokuba umthengisi ehambisa umthwalo kumphathi.

Makhe siqwalasele umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwe-CPT kunye ne-CFR HORMS.

· Pose yothutho

I-CPT isebenza kuzo zonke iindlela zothutho

I-CFR isebenza kwi-Marine kunye ne-INTANTAWAY INDLELA YOKUZIPHATHA KUPHELA

· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · Fie

Phantsi kwe-CPTME, indawo yokuhanjiswa ixhomekeke kwimo yezothutho.

Phantsi kweMigaqo yeCFR, indawo yokuziswa zizibuko eliphandle.

Ukudluliselwa kwengozi

I-CPT, umngcipheko udluliselwa emva kokuba umthengisi ethatha impahla kumphathi.

Kwi-CFR, ukuhanjiswa komngcipheko kwenzeka kwenzeka okomzuzwana ukuba iimpahla ziwele uloliwe.

Umahluko phakathi kweFCA kunye nefob

I-FOB ininzi ixesha elide yabarhwebi abazithandayo abathandanayo.

Kodwa, ngenxa yomdla ophuhlayo kwisitya sokuhambisa, izithuthi ezininzi ze-Mulmadional itsalele ingqalelo yabarhwebi abaninzi.

Fca vs - fob-ifoto ngoncedo: fbabebe

Ngesi sizathu, i-ICC kwimithetho yabo yokuhlola ka-2010 iphuhlise imithetho yeFCA, efanelekileyo ukuthunyelwa kwezithuthi ezinquliweyo.

Njengoko ndichazile sele ndicacile, phantsi kwamagama e-fca, umthengisi ucwangcisa inqwelwana ngaphambi kokuziswa, kulapho umntu ophetheyo afumana khona iimpahla.

Phantsi kweMigaqo yeFob, umthengisi ucwangcisa inqwelwana yangaphambi kokuba iimpahla zibwe kwinqanawa yokuhambisa.

· · · Ingcaciso ye-fob kunye ne-fca imigaqo yokuhlaziywa ngo-2010

Umgaqo we-FOB usebenza kwi-Marine kunye ne-Inland Waterway Izothutho kuphela.

Isibophelelo sokuHanjiswa sinelisekile kwakamsinya nje ukuba umthengisi alayishe umthwalo kwinqanawa etyunjiweyo kwizibuko elonyuliweyo.

Emva kokuba umthengisi abeke iimpahla ebhodini, umngcipheko wokulahleka okanye intshabalalo itshintshiwe kuwe.

Intsingiselo uxanduva lwabo bonke umngcipheko kunye neendleko ezilandelayo.

Oku kwenza ukuba ifob ingafanelekanga kwintengiselwano apho kudluliselwe umngcipheko ngaphambi kokuba iimpahla zikho.

Njengokuba umthengisi ugqibezela ukuhanjiswa kwisitorensi. Kwimeko ezinjalo, kufuneka usebenzise amagama athungele iFCA.

Umgaqo weFCA ulungele indlela enye okanye i-miltimodal yokuthumela.

Uxanduva lokuHamba lugqityiwe xa umthengisi efumana iimpahla kwi-Carrier yakho etyunjiweyo okanye i-freight phambili kwindawo enegama.

Kuya kufuneka uchaze inqaku lokuziswa kuba kulapho umngcipheko welahleko okanye ukutshixa okukholisiweyo kumthengisi kuwe.

Ngokuqhelekileyo kwiimbopheleleko zomthengisi phantsi kwe-fob kunye ne-fca amagama

Kungoku kufuneka uqaphele ukuba omabini amagama aliqela leziyolo.

Yiyo loo nto babelana ngenani lokufana ngokunxulumene nezibophelelo zomthengisi.

Zombini iFob kunye neFCA yeliqela leziyobisi.

· ~ · MAPERGE UMGANGATHO

Ngaphantsi komibini iFob kunye neFCA, umthengisi kufuneka anikezele:

• Iimveliso
• I-invoyisi yentengiso
• Iirisithi zokuxabangela okanye izatifikethi ngokungqinelana nesivumelwano sokuthengisa

Ukuba nobabini nivumelana, iirekhodi ze-elektroniki ezineempembelelo zomthetho ezilinganayo zinokusetyenziswa endaweni yoko.

Izivumelwano ze-inshurensi

Xa ukuthunyelwa phantsi kwe-fob okanye kwi-fca amagama, umthengisi akanyanzelekanga ukuba anyanzeliswe ngokuhamba okuphambili kwizibuko lakho.

Nangona kunjalo, umthengisi usenokwenza amalungiselelo okuhambisa ukuba ezo zinto zinjalo zikhoyo okanye kwisicelo sakho ngomngcipheko nakwiindleko zakho.

Umthengisi, kuwo onke amatyala, unelungelo lokwala ukufaka isivumelwano senqwelomoya nangona kufuneka banxibelelane nawe ngexesha.

Imeko efanayo isebenza kwiimvumelwano zeinshurensi; Umthengisi akanyanzelekanga ngawo omabini amagama ukubonelela ngeinshurensi yempahla.

Kodwa, ukuba ucinga ngomngcipheko wakho kunye neendleko, umthengisi kufuneka akunike lonke ulwazi olufanelekileyo olufunekayo ukukhusela i-inshurensi.

Inkqubo yokuthenga ngokuthenga izinto kunye neenkqubo zokucoca iziko

Umthengisi ulawula ngokupheleleyo yonke imingcipheko kunye neendleko zokufumana isatifikethi sokuthumela kwelinye ilizwe okanye amanye amaxwebhu asemthethweni.

Uye wenza zonke iiprotocols zesiko ngenxa yokuthumela iimpahla zakho.

Ukususwa ozenzele kona

Kukumthengisi ukuhlangabezana nazo zonke iindleko zemisebenzi yesiko, irhafu kunye nezinye iinkqubo ezifunekayo kwimpahla yokuthumela ngaphandle.

· Ke · inyanzela isaziso sesaziso

Ukuba unoxanduva lokunqongophala kunye neendleko;

Igama lefob linyanzelisa umthengisi ukuba akunike isaziso esineenkcukacha nexesha elifanelekileyo malunga nokuhanjiswa kweempahla ngokuhambelana nemvumelwano yokuthengisa.

Ngokufanayo, i-FCA yamagama Umthengisi ukuba akhuphe nesaziso esibanzi kwaye sinexesha.

Oko kukuthi, nokuba impahla, ngokungqinelana nemvumelwano yentengiso, ihanjiswe kumphathi njengoko kucwangcisiwe okanye hayi.

Ukuhanjiswa kweStofulical

IFOB kunye neFCA yokuhambisa iwele phantsi kodidi lokuhanjiswa kokomfuziselo kuba umthengisi ugqibe ukuhanjiswa ngaphandle konxibelelwano ngqo.

Umthengisi uhambisa iimpahla kumphathi, nokuba ungalayishwa okanye ulayishwe ebhodini imoto yokuhambisa kwindawo ekhethiweyo ngexesha elimiselweyo.

Umthengisi uthathwe ukuba ugqibezele uxanduva lokuhambisa emva kokubonelela ngamaxwebhu njengobungqina bokuziswa kumphathi, kubandakanya amaxwebhu esihloko.

Oku kuthetha ukuba ukufika kwempahla kwiindawo ezichaziweyo akufuneki ukuba kuqinisekiswe.

Ngamazwi alula, umthengisi wenza ukuhanjiswa ngokusekwe kumaxwebhu, kwaye wenza intlawulo esekwe kumaxwebhu nayo.

Inikezwe umthengisi, ngokungqinelana nemvumelwano yokuthengisa, ikhuphe amaxwebhu apheleleyo, unyanzelekile ukuba uhlawulele iimpahla.

Ayinamsebenzi nokuba ezinye zeempahla zilahlekile okanye zonakalisiwe.

Kwelinye icala, ukuba amaxwebhu akhutshwe ngumthengisi akahambelani nesivumelwano sokuthengisa, nokuba iimpahla zihlala zikwimeko egqibeleleyo ekufikeni, ulungisa ngokusemthethweni ukuba ungabhalisi.

Ngesi sizathu, uyaqonda ukuba ukuhanjiswa kokomfuziselo kukurhweba ngamaxwebhu ekhontrakthi!

Umahluko kwimbophelelo yomthengisi phakathi kwentliziyo kunye ne-fca

· · D · drive yomngcipheko

Phambi kokuba ingeniswe i-incoterms 2010, ukudluliselwa kwengozi phantsi kwemithetho ye-fob yenzekile xa iimpahla ziwela uloliwe wenqanawa.

Ngamafutshane:

Umthengisi wayenoxanduva kuwo wonke umngcipheko kunye nelahleko ngaphambi kwezinto ezinqumlayo uloliwe wenqanawa.

Emva kwethuba, ingozi idluliselwe kuwe.

Kodwa kubomi bokwenyani, iqhele ukunzima ukufumana uloliwe wenqanawa njengomda wodluliselwe.

Kungenxa yokuba ukuphakamisa iimpahla kwiyadi ukuya kwinqanawa yokuhambisa yinkqubo epheleleyo neqhubekayo, kodwa uloliwe wenqanawa yindawo yokuhamba.

Ngesi sizathu, ayisebenzi ukuba iqwalasele uloliwe wenqanawa njengomda wokudluliselwa komngcipheko.

Ngethamsanqa, i-ICC iqaphele oku kungangqinelani kwaye ihlaziywe kwi-Actmms ye-2010 ye-fob ye-fob yokudluliselwa komngcipheko.

Ngohlaziyo lwangoku, ukudluliselwa kwemingcipheko kuyenzeka xa umthengisi ulayisha impahla ekuthini inqanawa yokuhambisa etyunjwe nguwe kunokuba awele uloliwe wenqanawa.

Kuyabonakala ukuba, uhlengahlengiso lwangoku lulunge ngakumbi nobabini ngokwahlula-hlula izibophelelo zakho kwizivumelwano zorhwebo.

Ngokwenkcazo ye-FCA yamagama, umthengisi kufuneka athumele iimpahla ukuya kwi-onlands otshutshisi okanye umntu otyunjwe nguwe kwindawo ekhethiweyo ngokuvumelana nesivumelwano.

Le ikwayindawo apho ukudluliselwa komngcipheko kumthengisi kuye kwenzeka.

Kuya kufuneka, ke ngoko, qaphela ukuba kukho umahluko phakathi kwe-FCA kunye nefob malunga nomda wokudluliselwa komngcipheko.

I-etihad impahla

Okokuqala, ukudluliselwa komngcipheko phantsi kweFCA kuye kwenzeka xa umthengisi ehambisa umthwalo kumphathi ochasene nemeko apho umthengisi kufuneka alayishe iimpahla kwinqanawa.

Ke ngoko, umthengisi wanelisa uxanduva lokuhambisa ngaphandle kokuthwala umngcipheko kunye neendleko zokulayisha ukuthunyelwa kwinqanawa yokuthutha inqanawa.

Okwesibini, phantsi kwemiqathango ye-fob, umthengisi uphulukana nobunini bezinto ngokuyinxenye xa zinikezelwa kumphathi.

Ngelixa basanoxanduva lokuba bonke umngcipheko bade balayishe intengiso kwiindlela zendlela zothutho.

Ke ngoko, umda woxanduva kunye nokudluliselwa komngcipheko kwahlukile phantsi kwemiqathango ye-fob.

Ngokuchasene noko, umda woxanduva kunye nokudluliselwa komngcipheko kuyafana phantsi kweMigama yeFCA, eyisamkelo yokwamkelwa kweempahla.

· Cost Covered by the Seller

Kukho inani lolwahluko phakathi kweWob kunye neFCA ngokubhekisele kwiindleko eziqhutywa ngumthengisi.

Okokuqala, ukuthuthwa kwe-inland kunye neentlawulo zeinshurensi zahlukile.

Njengoko sele ndibonisile, phantsi kweMigaqo yokuThumela iFOB, ukuhanjiswa kugqityiwe emva kokuba umthengisi efumana iimveliso ezikhutshelweyo kwinqanawa yokuhambisa.

Oku kuthetha ukuba umthengisi kufuneka agubungele ukuthutha kunye neentlawulo zeinshurensi kumzi-mveliso wazo kwizibuko elitshiwayo.

Kodwa phantsi kweMeko yokuhambisa iFCA, umthengisi kufuneka athutha impahla kumphathi kwindawo echongiweyo.

Ngokwesiqhelo, xa kuyinto ecekeceke, inqaku lokuhanjiswa yindawo yomthengisi okanye indawo yokugcina izinto.

Ngalo mbandela, umthengisi akanyanzelekanga ukuba anyamekele ukuthutha kunye ne-inshurensi ye-inshurensi kwizibuko elitshiwayo.

Okwesibini, ukungalingani ekuphambene nokulayisha iifizi.

Phantsi kweMigaqo yeFob, umthengisi uhlawula iifizi zokulayisha kwizibuko lokuhambisa.

Kodwa phantsi kweMigama yeFCA, ngenxa yomahluko kwindawo yokuhanjiswa, ukulayisha kunye nokulayisha iifizi kumthengisi kufuneka ahlawule.

Kwimeko apho indawo yokuhambisa yindawo yomthengisi, umthengisi kufuneka anyamekele iindleko zokulayisha iimpahla kwiindlela zothutho.

Kwelinye icala, kwimeko apho ukuhanjiswa kungaphaya kwendawo yomthengisi, umthengisi uya kuphela, usebenzisa izithuthi, ezothutha iimpahla kumphathi.

Abayi kunyanzeleka ukuba bafezekise iindleko zokulayisha kwimoto yabo kunye nokulayisha kwinqanawa yothutho.

· Actoments

IFoB neFCA inenkcazo eyahlukeneyo kwiindlela zothutho. Umgaqo we-FOB usebenza kwi-Marine kunye ne-Inland Watery indlela yothutho kuphela.

I-FCA, kwelinye icala, isebenza kuzo zonke iindlela zothutho kubandakanya iindlela ezininzi.

Ityala lokhwela

Ngenxa yale nto, ixesha lokuhambisa i-fca lifikelela kude nendlela yokuthumela kwaye iyakwazi ukuhlangana neemfuno zakho zokuhambisa ngaphakathi.

Ke, amaxwebhu anyanzelekileyo ukuba anikezwe ngumthengisi okwahlukileyo phantsi kwezi zixhobo ezimbini.

Kuba ixesha lokuthumela liyasebenza kwi-Marine kunye ne-Inland Waterway Izothutho kuphela, amaxwebhu enqwelomoya ahambelana nolwandle kunye ne-birney ye-marinew ye-marine.

Kodwa ekubeni indlela yokuphila yaselwandle ayisiyo inkcazo yoxwebhu lobunini, awudingi ukuba ubeke indlela yolwandle ukuba ukhethe iimpahla kumphathi.

Endaweni yoko, kufuneka ukhuphe umthwalo izatifikethi zesazisi kuphela.

Kodwa ngaphambi kokudluliselwa kwempahla yomthwalo ovela kuwe, umthengisi, ngesaziso esibhaliweyo, gcina ilungelo lokutshintsha umthengi ukuze ayonwabele ukulawula.

Ityala le-marine lokulamba lihlala lithathwa njengoxwebhu lwesihloko.

Ngokwesiqhelo, iqela elinayo linelungelo ngokusemthethweni lokufuna ukuhanjiswa kweempahla kumthengi obelwe.

Ibhili yokufaka amandla ikwanika ilungelo lokuba neyodwa kwaye itshintshe impahla.

Ngenxa yezi zibakala, xa usebenzisa amagama endwini, ihlala icela iBhili yeBhili kwaye ingabi yindawo yolwandle evela kumthengisi wakho.

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zebhili yebhili yebhizulo xa kufikwa kumagama eFCA.

Oku kungenxa yokuba ungalisebenzisa igama lendlela kuyo nayiphi na indlela kunye neendlela ze-Multimodal zokuhambisa.

Ke ngoko, umthengisi wakho kufuneka achaze iBhili ye-Akhawunti ngokusekwe kwindlela yokukhetha kwisivumelwano.

I-FOB ICOCTM

Ngenxa yokwamkelwa okukhulu ngeendlela ezidityanisiweyo zezothutho, iBhili ngonyaka ye-Mulmadional Wibling iye yeyona ithandwayo phantsi kweMigaqo yeFCA.

· Titys kunye nentlawulo

Xa kuthelekiswa neNdaba yeNdobo neFca, siphawula phantsi kwentliziyo; Ngumphathi obonelela ngeBhili ye-Coding kwizibuko lokuhamba.

Ngelixa iphantsi kwe-FCA, iBhili yeMildimadal yeMildiodal inikezelwa ngumphathi kumthengisi kwindawo yokudluliselwa.

Oku, ke, kubonisa ukuba ityala le-Multimadional ye-Multimadional linokubonelelwa kumthengisi ngaphambili kwaye ezi zibonelelo umthengisi.

Uya kuzihlawula ngaphambili emva kokuba ikhuphe i-miltimadional ye-multimodional ye-adimading.

Oku kuphembelela ingeniso yabo yemali kwaye inciphise iindleko zomdla.

Ilungelo lokugcina ilungelo "

I "Warehouse-to-I-Warehouse" Igatya lithetha iPolisi ye-Inshurensi igubungela iimpahla ukusuka kwindawo yokugcina izinto zomthengisi kwindawo ekuyiwa kuyo.

Indawo yokugcina iimpahla

Kwiimeko ezininzi "indawo yokugcina i-Warehouse-to-Warehouse" Igatya ligubungela lonke uhambo olupheleleyo elwandle, i-Inland Rayway kunye ne-Bargeuthuthwa.

Ngamaxesha, i-insurer ayinakuyibuyisa yonke ilahleko yenzekile kwikhosi yenkqubo yokuhambisa.

Makhe siqwalasele imeko ye-fob apho "indawo yokugcina i-Warehouse-to-Warehouse" Igatya liyasetyenziswa, kwaye unoxanduva lwe-inshurensi.

Ukuba ungenisa ilahleko ngaphambi kokuba iimpahla zingene kwinqanawa yokuhambisa kwi-port engaphandle, umthengisi uxanduva lokulahleka.

Kodwa ayinalo ilungelo elisemthethweni lokufuna imbuyekezo kwi-inshurensi.

Oku kuyenzeka oko kuba, kwi-inshurensi yempahla yempahla yamanye amazwe, umnini-nkqubo kufuneka abe nomdla ongagungqiyo kwiimpahla.

Kwimeko yokulahleka ngaphambi kokuba ugqibezele udluliselo lomngcipheko, njengoko umgcini-mgaqo-nkqubo engazuzi ilungelo elinomdla kwimpahla.

Umthengisi uyonwabela ilungelo elingenaxhala ongenaxhala lokuba akanguye umgcini-mfundo.

Le meko ikhokelela "kwiSithuba se-inshurensi,".

Oko kuthetha ukuba umthengisi akaxhamli kwi "Warehouse-to-Live-House" Ikota kwaye ayinakukwazi ukubanga nayiphi na imbuyiselo evela kwi-inshurensi.

Nangona kunjalo, ngekota ye-FCA, ukuba ukuhanjiswa kugqityiwe kwindawo yomthengisi, uqala ukonwabela izibonelelo ze "Warehouse-ukuya kwi-Warehouse".

Kanye nje emva kokuba umthengisi anikezele ngokuthumela kwi-8

Kwakhona, umthengisi akazithwali iziphumo "ze-inshurensi ye-inshurensi."

Umahluko phakathi kwe-FAS kunye ne-fob conter

Okokuqala ndingathanda ukukwenza ukuba uqaphele ukufana phakathi kwezi zixhobo ezimbini ezilandelayo:

I-FAS

• Into yokuqala ekufuneka uyiqonde nge-FAS kunye ne-fob kukuba ezi zimbini zisebenza kwi-port-to-port-port ethunyelwa kuphela.
• Phantsi kwezi ngqingqi zimbini, umthengisi wenza iprotokholi yokucoca iziko elithunyelwa kwelinye ilizwe ngelixa usenza okufanayo.
• Umxhasi uhambisa iimveliso kuwe kwilizwe lakho. Ngesi sizathu, ezo zimbini zibizwa ngokuba "kukuthengisa ngokuthengisa" kumazwe asemkhosini.
• Kuwo womibini amagama, nguwe ohlawula indleko zempahla. Ibhili yokufaka amanzi, ekufuneka ikhutshwe ngumthengisi ngumthengisi kufanele ukuba ibandakanye "I-Right Qokelela".
• Ngaphantsi kweminye imitya, umthengisi akanyanzelekanga ukuba anike i-inshurensi yaselwandle.

Ngoku ndingachaza umahluko phakathi kwe-ndokhi kwaye simahla kwibhodi ngokwee-Accounting 2010.

Umahluko phakathi kwe-FAS kunye ne-fob

Ukuhambisa

Ngaphantsi kwe-FAR AMANDE ithathiwe ukuba ihambise iimpahla kuwe kamsinya nje ukuba bababeke ecaleni kwenqanawa yokuhambisa.

Phantsi kweMiba yeFob Umthengisi uthathwe ukuba azinike iimpahla xa sele ebabeke ebhodini inqanawa ebizwa ngegama lokuhambisa.

I-Incoterms 2010: Imbono ye-US

Ukuba ungumthengi wase-United States, emva koko kufuneka uqonde ukuphononongwa kwe-incoment 2010 ngenxa yezi zizathu zilandelayo.

I-Acterms vs. Ikhowudi yentengiso efanayo

Njengomrhwebi ovela e-US, kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba amagama orhwebo cif, ifob, ke ngoko achazwe kwiKhowudi ye-United States yaseMelika (UCC).

I-Ucc

I-UCC yaveliswa kuqala ngo-1952 kwaye igubungela iinkalo ezininzi zezivumelwano zentengiso.

Kubandakanya "ukuthunyelwa kunye nokuhanjiswa" amagatya anenjongo ezihlaziyiweyo kwezo zemithetho yeangxaki.

Inani leqela le-UCC lineempawu ezifanayo ezintathu kunye nezo kwinkqubo yengxaki.

Nangona iinkcazo zabo zahlukile ngokupheleleyo.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, "ifob" inokuba neenkcazo ezahlukeneyo ezizahlukanga ngaphakathi kwe-UCC, apho uninzi aluhambelani ne-ICC Inkcazo ye-ICC Inkcazo.

Ukupapashwa kohlaziyo olukhulu lwe-UCC ngo-2004 kube lula imeko.

Ushicilelo oluhlaziyiweyo lwayiguqula uninzi lwala magama.

Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yezizathu zingaqhotyoshelwa kwi "Ukuhambisa kunye nokuhambisa" amagatya, olu hlaziyo lujamelene nenzondo enkulu evela kumazwe amaninzi.

Ke ngo-2011, abaxhasi batsala utshintsho.

Abanye amazwe e-US bayamkela imiba yokuthatha inxaxheba kwi-UCC yeyokuthatha imiqathango yasekhaya.

Nangona kunjalo, iyeza elisebenzayo le ngxaki kukuhambelana nokusetyenziswa kweMithetho yeNgxowa-mali ye-ICC yeMithetho yeNgeniso, ukuba yeyakhiwe okanye ingamazwe ngamazwe.

I-AMA-2010 iyilelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuqondwa kwemithetho kukuthe ngqo kubarhwebi bengingqi.

Umzekelo, zonke iimbophelelo ngokunxulumene nokuthumela ngaphandle okanye zokungenisa elizweni kufuneka zikhuliswe kuphela 'apho kufanelekileyo.'

· I-Ex · · · · e-Entew, indlebe kunye nentengiselwano

Njengoko sonke sazi ngoku, umthetho wokuthintela ushiya uxanduva lokungabikho komthengi ngaphandle komthengi, hayi umthengisi.

Nangona kunjalo, abathengisi bangathumelanga abathumelanga eli thuba lokuphepha umsebenzi kufuneka bakhunjuzwe malunga nemigaqo yolawulo lwamazwe angaphandle.

Exw

Ngenxa yenyani, nakuphi na ukophula imigaqo okanye ukungachazwa ngendlela engeyiyo ifayiliweyo kusekho isibophelelo somthengisi wase-US njengeqela elingumdla (i-USPI.)

Ngamaxesha athile, ukuthengiselana kwezorhwebo kungakhathalelwa umthengi waphesheya hayi umthumeli ngaphandle.

Zichazwa njenge "roppeation" kwaye ziya kuba ziphantsi kokhuphiswano olongezelelekileyo.

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Exw kudala ukubeka umngcipheko omkhulu wokuthobela umthengisi.

Ngokwesiqhelo umthumeli ngaphandle kufuneka alawule ithuthwa ngokusebenzisa igama elinjenge-CPT okanye i-CIP.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ayisebenzi, kuyacetyiswa ukuba inoxanduva lokukhutshelwa ngaphandle kwaye isebenzise inqwelo yasimahla.

I-AMA-APMS ka-2010 faqs

Kweli candelo, ndiza kuhamba ngemibuzo embalwa yokuba uninzi lwabathengi bandibuza yonke imihla.

2. Kutheni ndifanele ndiyikhathalele ekuzihlaziyeni?

Ukuqonda kunye nokuyisebenzisa ngokuchanekileyo kuya kukukhathalela!

Ukuba ubandakanyekile kwezorhwebo kwezorhwebo, kuya kufuneka uqonde ukuba uthini ukuya kuthi ga ngokuchaphazelekayo.

Nazi ezinye izizathu zokungaziphathi kakuhle zinokukhathazeka kakhulu kuwe:

• Baqinisekisa ukubaWonke umntu ufunda ukusuka kwiskripthi esinye. Wena kunye nomthengisi unokubhekisa kumgaqo omiselweyo omiselwe ngokucacileyo iindima, umngcipheko kunye neendleko.

• Bonanciphisa umngcipheko weengxaki zomthethoKuba yonke into icacisiwe ngokucacileyo kwaye akukho thuba lokutolikwa gwenxa okanye ithe / ithe / imidlalo etshilo.
• Kwi-Insotms ayifikeleli amaxabiso, banceda wena kunye nomthengisi ukuba baqonde uxanduva lweqela ngalinye, ngoko ke akukho nto imangalisayo ngexesha lentengiselwano

3. Ndidinga ukuqwalasela iNgxowa-mali?

Kufanelekile ukuba uqwalasele iingxaki ngaphambi kokuthetha-thethana nemvumelwano yokuthengisa.

Okanye umngcipheko umthengisi ukufutshane ngokufutshane kwisivumelwano okanye ekuhlanganyeleni okungafakwanga kwiingxaki ngexesha lokuhambisa.

4. Yeyiphi eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu xa ukuthunyelwa kwi-china?

Ukwenza lula inkqubo yothutho, ngelixa kusenzeka ulawulo lweendleko kunye nokungafihlisiyo, thenga iimpahla kwinqanaba lamajoni.

Kwaye ke ubandakanyeke umthwali wakho okanye itraight phambili kwi-dap.

Ke, umthengisi wakho uya kukhathalela ukuthuthwa kwizakhiwo zabo kwizibuko eliphandle.

Ukongeza, banoxanduva lokufumana iiprotocols zokucoca iziko elithunyelwa kwelinye ilizwe.

Umthwali wakho okanye phambili ukhathalela ukuthutha ukusuka kwizibuko eziphuma ngaphandle, ukungenisa isiko lokungenisa, kunye nokuhamba kwindawo yakho yokugqibela.

5. Ngaba kufuneka ndikuphephe nakuphi na ukucofa?

Ewe, isigqibo sokugqibela sixhomekeke kuwe kodwa, njengendawo eyadlulayo ePreen, ndingacebisa ukuba uhlale kude ne-cif amagama kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Eli gama lingalunganga kakhulu kuwe kuba alukangazi ngexabiso lokugqibela lokuhambisa.

I-CIF igubungela ukuthutha ukuya kwindawo eya kuyo, kodwa hayi iindleko zasekhaya.

Uninzi lwabasebenzi bezahlulohlulo lwezahlulo luya kuthi bangeze iindleko "ezifihlakeleyo", ezinjengeendleko ze-port, kwi-invoice yakho xa ungafanele uzihlawulele.

Kwimbono yeshishini, banyanisiwe ekuceleni ukuba ucele i-cif quate, ethi ngenkcazo igubungela kuphela iindleko zokuhambisa.

I-6. Ngaba ndingayisika indleko ngokuthenga iimpahla phantsi kwe-Ex

Ixabiso le-Exw yeyona nto iphantsi phakathi kwezinto zonke ezingalunganga kuba ayibandakanyi naziphi na iityholo zothutho.

Eli gama likushiya kuwe ukuze unakekele ukuthutha ilungelo lokuvela kwizakhiwo zomthengisi.

Ngapha koko, umthengisi wakho akasayi kuncediswa kwiinkqubo zokucamngca ezithunyelwa kwelinye ilizwe, ezinyanzelekileyo ngaphambi kokuba iimpahla ziyeke i-China.

Kuba ungoyena mntu ulawula iimpahla ngokuchanekileyo kwindawo yokugcina iimpahla, uya kufumana ezona qabane zinendleko zokusebenza nakwelo lonke inkqubo yokuhambisa

Ngapha koko, ungaphelisa ukuhlawula ngaphezulu kunokuba kufanelekile xa utsalela iimpahla zakho kwi-fob okanye kwi-cif amagama asusela kwi-OTPE.

8. Ndisasazigqitha phantsi kwengxaki ye-2000?

Ewe, igumbi lezorhwebo langaphandle leyolo le nto ingqongqo kwinguqulelo yokusebenza.

Zonke izivumelwano ezenziweyo phantsi kwe-incotems 2000 zisaqwalaselwa zisemthethweni.

Nangona i-ICC icebisa ukusebenzisa i-Informs ka-2010 kwizivumelwano zorhwebo, amaqela kwisivumelwano sokuthengisa unokuthatha isigqibo sokufaka nayiphi na inguqulelo yengcali.

Ibalulekile, nangona kunjalo, ukuba icacisa ngokucacileyo i-Inderms ekhethiweyo oyisebenzisayo (okt, iiNgxowa-mali ka-2000, iingxaki ka-2010, okanye nakuphi na ukuhlaziywa kwangaphambili).

11. Ingaba isebenzisa njani i-Iyotems ngaphandle kweZizwe eziPhambili?

Ulwazi endilubonileyo apha lugubungela uninzi lweentlanga kwiimeko ezininzi.

Ityala leApho, iiprotocols zesiko zilula kwimida ye-porous, efana ne-EU.

Kufuneka ndizise ingqalelo yakho.

Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto ezichaseneyo ezinokuthi zichaphazele ukuthunyelwa kwakho: xa ingenisa impahla e-UK, uya kufuna i-akhawunti yakho ye-UK, uyakufuna i-akhawunti yakhe, kwaye i-US kuphela kwelizwe elifuna iqhina.

12. Ndicela umngeni nini icebiso malunga nokhetho lwe-Iyotems?

Uya kufumanisa ukuba amanye amabanga athile eRhafu ahambahamba kuphela ukusebenzisa ukhetho oluthandwayo lwezinto zokuziphatha kuba 'zibonakala zisebenza.

Ke akufuneki umangaliswe xa i-versier yakho ithathe izinto ukhetho lwakho lweZinto, ngaphandle kokuba yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuhambisa.

13. Yintoni engagutyungelwanga ziingxaki?

Ngaphambi kokuba uqalise ukuthunyelwa kwi-China, kuya kufuneka wazi ukuba amagama orhwebo ngamazwe aphesheya akasigubungela:

• Ukophulwa kwesivumelwano
• Amandla e-Aunter enokwenzeka
• Ukudluliselwa kobunini okanye isihloko.

Kuya kufuneka uqiniseke ukuba ifakiwe kwisivumelwano sakho sokuthengisa.

Ukongeza, ndiye ndiziva ngathi kubalulekile ukuba uyazi ukuba gcina i-C MAPIM.

Zonke iingxaki azinyanzelisi umthengisi ukuba alungiselele i-inshurensi.

Ke ngoko, i-inshurensi yempahla yindleko eyahlukileyo kuwe.

14. Ndiyibhala njani indawo ebiyisiwe kwikhontrakthi yentengiso?

Ukuba ubandakanyile i-conterm kwimvumelwano yokuthengisa, indawo ebizwa ngegama ufike ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba isichazi-magama esithathu.

Umzekelo, "fca shenzen ye-fof."

Cacisa xa uchaza indawo, ngakumbi ngezixeko ezikhulu ezinokuba nenani lezikhululo ezininzi.

Ngaphandle koko, xa ujongene ne-terminal enkulu enokuba namanqaku ahlukeneyo.

Hlala ubala iikhowudi zakho ezichongiweyo ngaphambili ngaphambi kokungena kwindawo enegama.

15. Ithini ileta yencwadi yetyala?

Kule ndlela yokuhlawula, vumela ibhanki yakho oyikhethileyo yenza intlawulo kumthengisi.

Ihlala yenziwa ngaphambi kokuba umthengisi athumele iimpahla zakho.

I-Bhanki iyavuma ukuhlawula umboneleli wakho kumaxwebhu abonisa ukuba ufanele ukuba anikezele.

La maxwebhu aya kuba ngamaxwebhu ezothutho njengobungqina bokuhanjiswa kweemveliso kwinkampani yokuhambisa okanye ukulayisha iimpahla kwinqanawa yokuhambisa.

16. Yintoni ingqokelela yenkonzo?

Apha, umthengisi unika ibhanki yakho ngamaxwebhu abonisa iimpahla ekufuneka anikezele.

Uhlawula umthengisi xa amaxwebhu abonakalise ngokuchanekileyo iimpahla ezi-odolwe.

Okanye kwimeko yolwandiso lwamatyala okuthenga ngetyala, uyakwamkela idrafti yekota, ukunikezela ngokwakho ukuhlawula ngomhla olandelayo.

Le ndlela yokuhlawula ikhuselekile xa ithelekiswa neleta yetyala.

Kungenxa yokuba akukho ntlawulo ingaphezulu yibhanki njengoko kunjalo ngeleta yetyala.

Ngenxa yoko, kwezinye iindlela zothutho, oku kwenza ukuba umthengisi ahlale ephethe ukuthunyelwa de uhlawule okanye uvume ukuhlawula.

17. Ndingayigqale nini ukuhlawula intlawulo kusetyenziswa ingqokelela yexwebhu okanye iileta zetyala?

Ezi zikwiimeko ezithile ezibizwa ngokuba "zeMemo ekhuselekileyo" iindlela zokuhlawula.

Kuya kufuneka uthathele ingqalelo ukuba uzisebenzisa ukuba kukho ukuthembana phakathi kwakho nomthengisi.

Ngamaxesha athile, unokuthandabuza ukuba umthengisi uza kugqiba ukuhanjiswa ngokwesivumelwano sokuthenga.

Kwelinye icala, umthengisi unokuxhalaba ukuba awuyi kuba nakho ukwenza intlawulo ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo.

18. Iileta zekhredithi zichaphazela njani ukhetho lweZinto zeZinto?

Ukuba ungathanda ukugqiba ukuthengisa ngekhredithi yexwebhu okanye ileta yetyala, le nkqubo iqala ngomthengisi ekhupha amaxwebhu aliqela ebhankini, kubandakanya iBhili ye-Ading.

Ndicebisa ukuba usebenzise ileta yetyala ukuba unethemba elincinci kumthengisi.

Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela yokuhlawula ayisebenzi kwi-Exw kuba, ngale cogym, kuya kufuneka uhlawule umthengisi ngaphambi kokuba uthathe iimpahla.

Kwelinye icala, i-FWONT YOKHUSELEKO, kuba ukuba urhoxisa intengiselwano, umthengisi wakho akasayi kuba netyala lokufaka izixhobo ukuba zikhuphe ebhankini.

Diments kukwafuna ukuthembana, kuba umthengisi unoxanduva lwazo zonke iindleko zokuhamba.

Uyaqonda, ke, olona khetho lubalaseleyo lokuzisebenzisa kunye neleta yetyala yi-CAPIGES ezine.

Ukuqukumbela

Njengoko unokuqonda, i-interter nganye ikunika imithetho eyahlukileyo, emifutshane eyenza ukuba uqonde uxanduva lwakho.

Bacacisa naziphi na iindawo ezingwevu kwizivumelwano ezinokukusindisa iintloko ezingafunekiyo xa zisetyenziswa ngokuchanekileyo.

Ngokusebenzisa ngokuchanekileyo izixhobo, uya kukwazi ukwenza intsebenziswano, inqanawa kunye nokuhambisa iimveliso zakho ngokulula.

Ngoku, ithuba lakho.

Ngaba ukufumanisa kunzima ukukhetha iZinto ezifanelekileyo?

Ewe, ungathetha nathi apha e-Bansar.

Ukuqhubeka nokufunda:

• Zithini iingxaki?
• Iziseko ezingenayo
• Imithetho ye-Incotrims, uqeqesho kunye nezixhobo