Ngati mukungofuna kuwunika mwachangu za chivundi chilichonse cha 2010, mutha kutsitsa tchati chokwanira.

Ngati ndiwe watsopano kuti mulowe kuchokera ku China ndikukhala ndi vuto lililonse ndi ma incroterms mu 2020, chonde pezani mayankho kuchokera pa mafunso ovuta, ndikudziwitseni ngati simungapeze yankho lanu la chidwi.

Kodi exoterss 2010 ndi chiyani?

Inscoterms imayimira zamalonda apadziko lonse lapansi.

Inscoterms 2010 ndiye, malamulo odziwika ndi boma, ogulitsa ndi magetsi padziko lonse lapansi monga kulongosola kwathunthu kwa malonda osiyanasiyana.

Matanthauzidwe a 2010 amafotokoza ntchito ndi ufulu wamalonda pazogulitsa.

Incoterms akuimira malamulo osiyanasiyana amalonda, omwe amasonkhanitsidwa m'magulu (otchulidwa mu zilembo zitatu zoyambirira).

Iliyonse mwa maguluwa ikuwonetsa machitidwe azamalonda pazogulitsa zapadziko lonse.

Mwambiri, ma incrotsms 2010 amafotokoza mtengo wake, zoopsa ndi maudindo akulu omwe amalumikizidwa ndi kutumiza katundu kuchokera kwa wotsatsa kwa wogulayo kwa wogulayo.

Ndi ma incrotms angati 2010?

Pali mitundu 11 ya malamulo mu insuterms 2010 kwathunthu.

Zisanu ndi ziwiri izi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa mtundu uliwonse wa mayendedwe onyamula.

Mawu onse omwe ali gawo la ma incroterms akuwonetsedwa mu mawonekedwe a chidule cha zilembo zitatu, kalata yoyamba yomwe ikuwonetsa nthawi ndi malo osamutsa ogwiritsira ntchito kuchokera kwa wogulayo:

• Gulu E: Udindo umapita kwa wogula mwachindunji panthawi yotumiza ndipo, moyenerera, pamalo obayira katunduyo;
• Gulu F: Cholinga cha kusamutsa udindo ndi kuthekera kochoka, malinga ndi mayendedwe ake osalipidwa;
• Gulu C: Kulipira kwa mayendedwe akuluakulu kumachitika kwathunthu, kukakamizidwa kumasinthidwa panthawi yomwe katunduyo adalandirira;
• Gulu D: Kutumiza kwathunthu, pomwe kusamutsa udindo kumachitika panthawi yolandirira katunduyo.

Kodi ndi zisankho ziti zomwe zili mu 2010 zofala kwambiri?

Dongosolo la ma incrotelms lidakhazikitsidwa kuti lizimveketse malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi ogula ndi wogulitsa.

Pazochita za tsiku ndi tsiku, ndizosavuta kusankha zolakwika zina, zomwe pamapeto pake zimasokoneza malonda ndi maubale omwe ali pakati pa malonda.

Chifukwa chake ngati simukufuna kukumbirani mkati mwa malamulo ovuta a Indry 2010, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito makonda omwe ali pansipa:

1. DDP (ntchito yopereka ndalama).
2. Tuluka (Ex-ntchito).
3. DAP ().
4. DDP (ntchito yopereka ndalama).
5. FOB (yaulere pa bolodi).

Malingaliro awa ndiye odziwika kwambiri pakati pa nthumwi zogulitsa chifukwa cha kuphweka kwa mawu amkati mwa wogula ndi wogulitsa.

Komabe, tikukulimbikitsani kuti mudziwane bwino ndi ma incoterms onse kuti mupange chisankho chanu ndikumvetsetsa kwathunthu njira zonse.

Chonde, Tsatirani Faq yathu kuti itsimikizire pamutuwu.

Kodi ma IcrotDerms 2010 ndi chiyani?

Malamulo a malamulo alibe mawonekedwe a lamulo lapadziko lonse lapansi.

Komabe, zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi mabungwe aboma, kuphatikiza maboma ndi makhothi, ngati panganoli lili ndi mafotokozedwe operekera kapena mikangano yazachuma.

Mwanjira ina, ndikuwonetsa malingaliro omwe ambiri amavomereza, ufulu, ndi maudindo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito malonda.

M'mayiko ena, chikalatacho chikumanga ndikulandila lamulo lalamulo.

Katunduyu ndi wofunikira kuti aganizire zikamacheza ndi anthu okhala.

Pankhaniyi, maphwandowo amakakamizidwa kuwonetsa mgwirizanowo kuti usamatsogolere kutsogoleredwa ndi zothandizira kuchitapo kanthu, ngati palibe zosowa zotere.

Kodi ndichifukwa chiyani mapangidwe a 2010 ndi ofunika?

Ngati mukufuna kukhala katswiri pa malonda apadziko lonse lapansi, mwachionekere, muyenera kuphunzira zambiri za nkhaniyi, zomwe zimaphatikizapo ma incroterms 2010.

Malamulo awa amabisa ma squarios onse okhudzana ndi mayendedwe, chilolezo chazoloweza, kulowetsana ndi njira zotumiza, ndi zina zambiri.

Ndani adapanga maketerms 2010?

Kukula kwa ma incrotors poyamba kuphatikizidwa ndi chipinda chapadziko lonse lapansi cha malonda (ICC) mu 1921, ndipo lingaliro ili lidadziwika mu 1936 pomwe dongosolo loyamba la malamulo a inshuwaramu lidawonekera.

Mu 1923, Komiti ya ICC yamalonda, mothandizidwa ndi Makomiti Adziko Lonse, adapanga malamulo asanu ndi amodzi: FOB, FOT, 2

Ichi chinali chiyambi cha mbiri yakale komanso yosangalatsa ya malamulo a Incrotemerm, omwe amapitilira munthawi yathu ino.

Pa Januware 1, 2011, mtundu wa malamulo wapano wa malamulo, upangiri wa 2010, unayambitsidwa.

Kodi exoterms 2010 ndi chiyani?

DAP imayimilira kuti iperekedwe.

Malamulo a DAP afotokozere kuti wogulitsa amakakamizidwa kupereka wogula ndi zinthu zomwe zimatulutsidwa mu miyambo yotumiza kunja ndipo ali okonzeka kutsegula kuchokera pa mayendedwe omwe akupitako.

Malamulo a DAP sansatu ogwiritsira ntchito kufunika kolipira ndalama zonse ndi ndalama zolumikizidwa ndi mayendedwe a zinthu zotsalazo.

Kodi exotderms 2010 ndi chiyani?

DDP ndi chidule cha ntchito yoperekedwa.

Kulankhula za DDP, wogulitsa amayenera kukonza miyambo yonse yotumiza kunja ndi kuloweza zomwe zingakonzekeretse kutsatsa kuchokera ku mtundu wosankhidwa pamalo ena.

Komanso, wogulitsa amayenera kuganiza zodula zonse ndi ndalama zokhudzana ndi mayendedwe ogulitsa, omwe amaphatikizapo njira zonse kunja komanso kutumiza njira.

Dziwani kuti malamulo awa sangagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati wogulitsa sangathe kuonetsetsa kuti miyambo ikwaniritsidwe.

Chifukwa chake, ngati maphwando akadalipobe oyenera ochokera kwa operekera ndikugwiritsa ntchito malamulo a DDP, izi ziyenera kufotokozedwa bwino mu mgwirizano wa malonda omwe amagulitsa.

Malamulo a DDP amagwiritsidwa ntchito potengera katundu wa katundu ndi njira iliyonse, ngakhale kuphatikiza mtundu wa ma ntintimomodial.

Mutha kuwona mawu oti "chonyamulira" pa DDP Kufotokozera kwa ma incoterms.

Pa nkhani iyi, zikutanthauza kuti palinso gulu lililonse lomwe limafuna kukonza kapena kupereka mayendedwe ogulitsa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yonyamula pansi pa mgwirizano.

Kodi exoterms 2010 ndi chiyani?

Spasses yaifupi kwaulere pafupi ndi sitima yaulere.

Pansi pa Panganoli, Woperekayo ayenera kupereka zinthu zina m'mbali mwa sitimayo ku Berth m'doko lomwe latchulidwa.

Mawuwa amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha kunyamula katundu ndi nyanja kapena mumtsinje wamtchire.

Chiwopsezo cha kutayika kapena kuwonongeka kwa katundu kumadutsa kwa wogula pomwe katunduyo ali m'mbali mwa chotengera.

Udindo waukulu wa wogulitsa ndikunyamula katunduyo kulibe doko, koma ku Berth yomwe ikuwonetsedwa komwe sitimayi idalandana ndi wogula, kapena ku barge (osatsitsa sitimayo).

Wogula amakakamizidwa kunyamula katunduyo, kulipira chotengera cha chombocho, chitsitseni padoko lofika, ndikulipira ndalama zothandizira kuti zinthu zitheke.

Kodi exoterms 2010 cip?

CIP ndi yochepa kunyamula ndi inshuwaransi yomwe idalipira.

Malamulo a Tervms 2010 amatiwonetsa momwe wogulitsa akuyenera kusinthira katundu wa inshuwaransi, amatulutsidwa muogulitsa kunja, kwa chonyamulira chomwe adasankha asananyamuke katunduyo.

Poganizira malamulo a CIP, wogula amaopsa kuwonongeka kapena kutayika kwa zinthuzo, komanso ndalama zina pambuyo pa katunduyo, osati pomwe katunduyo akafika kopita komaliza.

Ziwopsezo zonse zomwe zimabuka pambuyo potsegula katunduyo mugalimoto ndi ndalama zonse pamalo omwe akupita zimagawidwa kwa wogula.

Komabe, wogulitsa ayenera kulipira ndalama zonse zolumikizidwa ndi katundu wambiri kudera linalake, amatenga ndalama zogulitsa kunja kwa katundu wogulitsa katundu ndi ndalama zolipirira kunja.

Kumbukirani kuti wothandizira sakakamizidwa kumaliza njira zosinthira katundu, perekani ntchito zolumikizidwa, ndikuchita zonse zolumikizidwa ndi njira zophatikizira.

Pomaliza, malamulo a CIP amathandizira wotsatsa wa inshuwaransi.

Phwandoli liyenera kulipira zoopsa zotayika ndikuwonongeka kwa katundu panthawi yoyendera.

Koma, chonde dziwani kuti mu malamulo a CIP, wotsatsa amakakamizidwa kupereka inshuwaransi ndi zowerengera pang'ono.

Chifukwa chake, ngati mukufuna ngati wogula kuti mukhale ndi inshuwaransi yokulirapo, muyenera kuvomerezana ndi izi ndi wotsatsa, kapena amalizanso inshuwaransi yowonjezera.

Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo a CIP kuti musamutse mtundu uliwonse wa mayendedwe, kuphatikizapo mayendedwe osiyanasiyana.

Munthawi yotumiza ndi onyamula ndalama zingapo, omwe amasamukira kumaso kwake panthawi yosinthira zinthu kwaonyamula.

Kodi exoters 2010 ndi chiyani?

Tiyeni tiyesetse kudziwa tanthauzo la mawuwo.

Chifukwa chake, FOB ndi yosewerera kwaulere pa bolodi ndipo imauza kuti wothandizirayo amaliza kutumiza pomwe katunduyo amadutsa njanji ya sitimayo kudzera.

Ichi ndichifukwa chake zoopsa zonse zowonongeka kapena kutayika kwa zinthu zina ndi ndalama zonse zomwe zimanyamulidwa ndi wogula kuyambira nthawi ino.

Malamulo a Fob Abowo adanena kuti wotsatsa ayenera kupanga chilolezo cholowera kunja kwa malonda.

Chonde kumbukirani kuti mutha kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo awa pokhapokha ngati wonyamula katunduyo amatulutsa katunduyo ndi ngalande yamadzi kapena kunyamula.

Pankhaniyo pamene maphwando safuna kupereka malondawo pabodi, mawu oti FCA ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kodi fca incerms 2010 ikutanthauza chiyani?

FCA (Wonyamula zaulere) Incroteers 2010 imafotokoza zomwe wogulitsayo ayenera kusintha zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa njira zonse zonyamulira, zomwe zimatchulidwa ndi wogula, m'malo oyambira.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti kusankha malo operekera zinthu kungakhudze udindo wotsitsa ndi kutsegulira katundu.

Ngati kuperekera kuchitika kumachitika m'malo a Wotsatsa kapena malo ena omwe anagwirizana, wotsatsayo ali ndi udindo wopanga zinthuzo.

Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mudziwe zomwe zikuperekedwa chifukwa chiopsezo chimadutsa kwa wogula panthawiyi.

Kodi CIF Incrotorms 2010 ndi chiyani?

Cif (mtengo, inshuwaransi ndi katundu) ma Incoteerms 2010 akuwonetsa momwe wogulitsa ayenera kusinthitsa katundu wa inshuwaransi pa boloni ndikuwapereka kulibe komwe mukupita.

Iyi ndi nthawi yomwe ogulitsa a Wogulitsa amapita kwa wogula.

Malinga ndi malamulo a CIF, wogula amaopseza zoopsa zotayika, komanso ndalama zina pambuyo pa katunduyo adayikidwa pa boti la sitimayo (osati pomwe katundu amafika komwe akupita).

Pankhani ya mgwirizano wa CIF, wogulitsa amakakamizidwa kulipira ndalama ndi katundu wofunikira kuti apereke katunduyo kwa doko lopita, zolipiritsa zina zakunyumba ndi ndalama zoyendera.

Komabe, muyenera kudziwa kuti wothandizira wotere sakakamizidwa kukonza zikhalidwe zoloweza katundu kapena kutenga nawo mbali mu njira zolowetsera zinthu zomwe zimabweretsa.

Pomaliza, malamulo a CIF CRORT amalembanso pa omwe amamupatsa ndalama zomwe ayenera kugula inshuwaransi ya Marine kuwonongeka ndikuwonongeka kwa katundu pa njira yoyendera.

Monga pankhani ya malamulo a CIP, wotsatsa amafunikira kupereka inshuwaransi yocheperako, kotero ngati wogula akufuna kukhala ndi inshuwaransi yayikulu, ayenera kuvomerezedwa ndi izi ndi wogulitsa, kapena amafunsira mgwirizano wowonjezera wa inshuwaransi.

Chidziwitso: Malamulo a CIF akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ponyamula katundu ndi zoyendera zam'madzi. Ngati maphwando sakufuna kupereka zinthuzo m'njira mwanjira imeneyi, ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mgwirizano wa CIP, womwe udatchulidwa kale m'nkhaniyi.

Kodi CFR Scotters 2010 ndi chiyani?

CFR imayima mtengo ndi katundu.

Zikutanthauza chiyani?

Izi zimanena kuti wotsatsayo amathetsa kutumiza pomwe zinthu zimadutsa pa bolodi padoko la kutumiza ndipo zimaperekedwa ku doko lomwe mukupita.

Malinga ndi zopereka za CFR, wogula amatenga zoopsa zonse zotayika kapena kuwonongeka kwa katunduyo, komanso ndalama zina atayika katunduyo pa doko lina.

Mawu obwera a CFR samapereka mwayi kwa othandizira kuti alipire ndalama ndi katundu wofunikira kuti abweretse malonda kupita ku doko linalo ndikugulitsa.

Wogula, mbali inayo, ayenera kuchita zinthu zogulitsa katundu kuti abweretse katundu, amapereka ntchito zina ndi njira zina zonse zoloweza.

Mawu a CFR Scotterms 2010 itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ponyamula katundu ndi mayendedwe amkati kapena nyanja.

Ngati maphwando sapereka katundu kudutsa njanji ya sitimayo, malamulo a CPT ndi abwino kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kodi ma cpti ndi chiyani 2010?

CPT ndiifupifupi kuti inyamulidwe.

Malinga ndi malamulo a CPT, wogulayo amatenga zoopsa zonse zotayika kapena kuwonongeka kwa katunduyo, komanso ndalama zina pambuyo pake katunduyo amasamutsidwa ndi wogulitsa kwa onyamula (osati pomwe katundu amafika komwe akupita).

Wogulitsayo ayenera kulipira ndalama ndi katundu wofunikira kuti abweretse katunduyo komwe akupita, amagwira ntchito yochotsa zinthu zomwe zili ndi ndalama zokhala ndi ntchito zonse zakunyumba.

Koma, chonde dziwani kuti wotsatsa sakakamizidwa kuchita zinthu zogulitsa katundu kuti atumize katundu, perekani ntchito zina kapena kuthana ndi njira zina zolozera.

Mawu awa atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popereka njira iliyonse yoyendera, kuphatikizapo mayendedwe osiyanasiyana.

Pankhani yoyendera kupita ku malo omwe amavomerezedwa ndi onyamula ndalama angapo, kusamutsa chiwopsezo kuchokera kwa wothandizirayo kudzachitika panthawi yosinthira katunduyo kwa onyamula katundu.

Kodi exw ecoterms 2010 ndi chiyani?

Tulukani (ex ntchito) mawu amafotokoza momwe wogulitsa amadziwira kuti akwaniritsa zomwe akugwiritsa ntchito pogulitsa malonda kapena m'malo ena osungidwa (mafakitale, etc.).

Pansi pa malamulo omwe achulukitsa, wogulitsa sakhala ndi udindo wokweza katunduyo pagalimoto yomwe wogula, kapena popanga makhola kapena chilolezo chazinthu zotumiza kapena zomwe zatchulidwa.

Malinga ndi malamulo omwe atulukapo, wogula ali ndi zoopsa zonse komanso mtengo wosuntha katundu kuchokera komwe amapita.

Ngati maphwandowo akufuna kuti wogulitsa atenge udindo wokweza katunduyo pamalo osungirako ndikusunga zoopsa zonse zotumizira, izi ziyenera kufotokozedwa momveka bwino ku mgwirizano wogulitsidwa.

Mawu oti kutuluka sinagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati wogula sangathe kugwira ntchito kunja.

Kodi ma decotives a 2010 ndi ati?

Data ndi chidule choperekedwa ku terminal.

Mawu awa amafotokoza kuti wogulitsa amawerengedwa kuti wakwaniritsa udindo wake pomwe katunduyu amatulutsidwa mu mayendedwe omwe amatumizidwa kutumizidwa kuchokera ku mayendedwe ndikuyiyika pa omwe amagula patali.

Mawu oti "terminal" pamaziko a DET akutanthauza malo aliwonse, kuphatikizapo katundu wa ndege / Auto / Surch, Berth, Warehouse, ndi zina zotero.

Malingaliro a Stone a Kutumiza amagwiritsa ntchito zoopsa zonse zokhudzana ndi kunyamula katundu ndikuwatsitsa pamalo omwe adatchulidwa.

Komanso, wogulitsa amakakamizidwa kulipira ndalamazo ndi katundu wofunikira kuti aperekedwe ndi kutsitsa katundu ku terminal, amatulutsa zolimbitsa thupi zokwanira.

Kumbali inayi, wogula amakakamizidwa kuchita zinthu zosintha maphwando kuti abwerere ndikulipira ndalama zolumikizidwa kapena ntchito.

Malingaliro a day atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ponyamula katundu pogwiritsa ntchito njira iliyonse yoyendera, kuphatikizapo mayendedwe osiyanasiyana.

Kodi mayendedwe osiyanasiyana am'magulu osiyanasiyana ndi otani?

Tanthauzo la mayendedwe osiyanasiyana amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa zinthu zomwe zimagwirizana ndi wonyamula imodzi pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zoyendera.

Wonyamulayo ali ndi ufulu kugwiritsa ntchito mayendedwe a makontrakitala ena, koma maudindo onse agona ndi contrakitala wamba, omwe amatumizidwa.

Bungwe la mayendedwe osiyanasiyana a zinthu ziyenera kuyamba ndi njira zokwanira.

Ganizirani mosamala nthawi yodzaza ndi zochulukirapo ndipo imayima m'njira.

Maulendo a multimodal amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito potsatira:

• Pakakhala kulumikizana mwachindunji ndi mayendedwe amodzi pakati pa wotsatsa ndi wophatikiza;
• Kulankhula mwachindunji ndi njira imodzi yoyendera sioyenera kugwirizanitsa chifukwa cha mtengo wokwera kapena nthawi yayitali yoperekera.

Woyang'anira amathanso kuwongolera zoyendera ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana kuchokera kwa onyamula angapo; Maulendo amtunduwu amatchedwa nthawi yolumpha.

Pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa zoyendera zingapo komanso zoyendera.

Poyerekeza ndi zigawo zambiri, izi zili ndi zovuta zingapo:

1. Chiwerengero cha mabungwe ndi ntchito zikuwonjezeka.
2. Ndikosavuta kupeza phwando lanyumba ngati katunduyo sanalandiridwe pa nthawi, kapena wopanda ungwiro.
3. Ngati zonyamula sizigwiritsa ntchito mayendedwe awo, mtengo wake ndi wokulirapo, monga kuchuluka kwa othandizira ndi ndalama zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito.

Kodi ma incroterms 2010 ndi otani a ndege / msewu / njanji?

Gululi limaphatikizaponso mawu omwe atuluka (azogwira ntchito), fca (onyamula mwaulere), CPT (SIP (DEP)

Zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngakhale kuti palibe kutumiza konse.

Komabe, ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti mawu awa angagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati chotengeracho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'onopang'ono paulendo.

Kodi ma incroterms 2010 ndi otani?

Malamulo otsatirawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mariitime ndi makonda am'madzi okha:

1. Sangalalani (pafupi ndi sitima yaulere).
2. FOB (yaulere pa bolodi).
3. CRR (mtengo ndi katundu).
4. CIF (Inshuwaransi ndi katundu).

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa incroterms 2000 ndi ma incoterms 2010?

Choyamba, mu 2010 'Malingaliro a 2010' omwe kuchuluka kwa mawuwo adachepetsedwa kuyambira 13 mpaka 11.

Koma nthawi yomweyo, maudindo awiri atsopano adayambitsidwa (dap ndi dat).

Ndipo mawu otchuka anayiwo anathetsedwa (Daf, des, deq, ndi ddu).

M'malo mwake, mawu oti (kutumiza ku terminal) m'malo mwake deq.

Komabe, malamulo a data, mosiyana ndi deq, amagwira ntchito panjira zambiri.

Malinga ndi akatswiri azamaputala, kutumiza kwa terminal dad kumafanana kwambiri ndi zomwe zimachitika padoko.

Mawu akuti kapamwamba (kutumiza mpaka point) kumapangitsa kuti mufotokozere komwe mukupita.

Imalowa m'malo mwake (Daf, Des, DD).

Polankhula za nkhandwe, CFR, ndi CIF, zoopsa zake zimakhazikitsidwa m'njira yatsopano.

Mu insurderms 2000 chiopsezo chimadutsa pambuyo poti abwerere kumbali ya sitimayo.

Mu exotterms 2010, kumbali ina, kusamutsa zoopsa kumachitika pambuyo ponyamula katunduyo pa bolodi.

Mutha kuwona mapangidwe 2000 kudzera pa ulalo uwu.

Kodi ma exotters 2010 angagwiritsidwe ntchito potumiza nyumba?

Inde, ma Iccoterms 2010 ikhoza kugwiritsira ntchito zonse zoyendera zapakhomo komanso zapadziko lonse lapansi.

Kodi ma Incroterms 2010 chivundikiro chobisalira?

Inscoterms 2010 imakhala malamulo ogwirizana ndi mayendedwe ndi ndalama zolipiritsa ndi njira.

Ichi ndichifukwa chake mawuwa sazindikira umwini kapena kusamutsa mutu ku katundu, kapena malamulo olipira.

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti za 2010 zomwe zimakondweretsa kwambiri wogulitsa / wogula?

Monga momwe mungaganizire kale, ziboliboli zosiyanasiyana za 2010 zimapindulitsa kwa ogula komanso wogulitsa ndi kusiyana pang'ono.

Apa tiyesa kudziwa zabwino kwambiri pamapwando.

Tiyeni tiyambe ndi ogula.

Fob iyenera kukhala chisankho chanu cha # 1 chifukwa pansi pa malamulo awa omwe amapereka ayenera kusiya zinthu ku doko, wokonzeka ndikukonzekera kuchoka panja.

Monga wogula, muyenera kulemba ganyu kampani yotumizira.

Izi zimakupatsani ulamuliro wonse wa ndalama zonse ndikugwirizana kwa zonyamula katundu.

Mawu a Fob ndi osinthika komanso othandiza.

Komanso, ogula amatha kugwiritsa ntchito kutuluka ndi kap komanso kuchita bwino kwambiri, komabe, ma seti awa amafunikira kumvetsetsa kwa malamulo ndi malamulo.

Ponena za othandizira, ma cpt kapena malamulo ofanana pomwe katundu alibe kwa chonyamulira popanda kutumiza njira zomwe zimayenera kuchita.

Ma Increelms 2010 ndi Revenue Maction: Malingaliro awa amagwirizana bwanji wina ndi mnzake?

Chonde dziwani kuti makeke a 2010 sanalembedwe kuti avomereze ndalama ndi ICC (Chipinda Chachipatala) Chitsogozo chimati chitsogozo chimanena kuti sizomwe amachita.

Amangolemba njira zopezera ndalama zokha, zimasamutsidwa pachiwopsezo, kutumiza / kutumiza kunja komansonso pang'ono.

Kodi malamulo otsatila otsatira adzalengedwa liti?

Ntchito yomwe ili pansi pa malamulo atsopano a incroterm yayamba kale.

Mwina, iwo atuluka mu 2020.

Kodi ndi mtundu wanji wa inshuwaransi womwe ungapezeke mu incroteers 2010?

Muyenera kukumbukira kuti ma incrotel awiri a 2010 yokha (CIP)

Pochita izi, zimakhala zovuta kuzizindikira nthawi yomwe kuwonongeka kumachitika.

Chifukwa chake amalimbikitsidwa kuwonetsetsa kuti akupereka pa nyumba yosungiramo katundu.

Komanso, inshuwaransi yotseguka pakachitika nthawi imeneyi nthawi zambiri samalanda zotayika, monga kugogoda - zotsatira za wogula zikusowa tsiku lomaliza kapena nyengo yogulitsa.

Ngati mukufuna, chiwopsezo ichi chitha kuphatikizidwa mu mgwirizano wa inshuwaransi.

Incroterms 2010 Udindo: Ndi chiyani?

Incroterms 2010 maudindo ndi njira yothandiza yomwe imawonetsa mawu onse pamalo amodzi, momveka bwino za malamulo a malamulo aliwonse.

Mutha kuwona tchati chofanizira m'chithunzichi pansipa.

Kodi ndi malipiro ati omwe ali ndi ma certives 2010?

Muyenera kudziwa kuti ma incrourms 2010 musakhale ndi mtundu uliwonse wolipiridwa ndi kugula katundu.

Chifukwa chake, mawu olipira omwe ali ndi ma incrotorms amatanthauza kuwononga ndalama zonse ndi zolipiritsa za miyambo ndi mayendedwe.

Kodi ndingapeze kuti maphunziro osavuta a ma incroterms 2010?

Ndikosavuta kutchula njira yabwino kwambiri yophunzirira ma incrotots momasuka.

Pali zolemba komanso makanema othandiza pa intaneti yomwe ingakuthandizeni kudziwa bwino ma incroterms 2010.

Mwachitsanzo, mutha kuyang'ana kanema wa YouTube ngati mukufuna kuwongolera kosavuta pamutuwu.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa mgwirizano wa Cisg ndi ma ecoterms 2010?

Palibe kulumikizana momveka bwino pakati pa zogulitsa zapadziko lonse lapansi.

Cisg ndi malamulo ofunikira pakugulitsa katundu pakati pa mabizinesi omwe ali m'maiko osiyanasiyana.

Incrotelms ndi malamulo (osati malamulo okakamiza)

Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zipsera zonse za Cisg ndi ma ecroterms pakugulitsa kwanu.

Kodi ma Iccerms 2010 ndi nkhani powerengera ntchito?

Inde, ili ndi nkhani yayikulu chifukwa ntchito yolowera ndi misonkho yolipira imawerengedwa kuyambiranso, yomwe imaphatikizapo mtengo wazinthu zomwe zagulitsidwa, mtengo wa katundu ndi mtengo wa inshuwaransi.

Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndizotheka kupulumutsa misonkho yaying'ono ngati mukuchita bwino.

Kodi ma Iccerms 2010 amafunika mu invoice ya bizinesi yotumizira mamita otumizira? Kapena ndingatulutse invoice popanda mawu awa?

Monga momwe zimanenedwera kale mu FAQ iyi, pogwiritsa ntchito ma incrotorms 2010 siokakamizidwa.

Mutha kupereka invoice popanda mawu bola ngati gulu linalo likugwirizana nalo.

Kodi ndingagwiritse ntchito incroteers 2010 pa Alibaba / AliExpress?

Inscoterms 2010 itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Alibaba, ambiri omwe ndi opanga zenizeni.

Komabe, simudzaona maketi mu AliExpress chifukwa mayendedwe onse ndi njira zomwe zimasungidwa ndi a AliExpress ogulitsa ndi onyamula (mutha kungosankha mtundu wa onyamula a AliExpress).

Funsani katswiri wa ma infments tsopano

Ngati mukufuna kukumba mu ma incoterms onse, ndikuganiza kuti mutha kupitiliza kuwerenga bukuli. Mudzakhala katswiri wokhudza ma inshuwaramu.

Gawo labwino kwambiri:

Kaya ndinu atsopano kutumiza kapena mukufuna kutsitsimutsa tsatanetsatane wa ma incroterms, ndasandutsa.

Monga choperekera chidziwitso chodziwikiratu, mankhwala omwe aloledwa ndi tiyi ndi tiyi wa tsiku ndi tsiku.

Popeza kutumiza kuchokera ku China ndi bizinesi yovuta, ndikofunikira kuti mumvetsetse mawu a malonda, ndalama zokhudzana ndi zoopsa komanso momwe zonse zimakukhudzirani.

Mukamakambirana mgwirizano wogulitsa padziko lonse lapansi, muyenera kukhala okhazikika pazogulitsa zokhudzana ndi mtengo wogulitsira.

Chifukwa chake, kuchepetsa chisokonezo chosafunikira, gwiritsani ntchitoInbomalaComchaltsMawu, kugwirizanitsa ma tercologies apadziko lonse lapansi.

Ma incroterms ndi malamulo oyenera omwe amapangidwa ndiChipinda cham'dziko lonse(ICC), yomwe imafotokoza bwino zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pamalonda.

Chinyama

Maganizo a zamalonda mogwirizana ndi Msonkhano UN yokhudza mapangano ogulitsa katundu wapadziko lonse.

Amadziwika ndikukakamizidwa ndi mayiko onse ogulitsa.

Malingaliro ndi odzipereka, olimbikitsa, ovomerezedwa padziko lonse lapansi ndipo amatsatira zolemba pofotokoza maudindo anu.

Ndipo, uja waogulitsa wanu nthawi yonyamula katundu mu malonda ogulitsa malonda apadziko lonse lapansi.

Amafuna kufotokoza momveka bwino zoopsa, mtengo, ndi maudindo omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi kutumiza kwa katundu.

Koma, ndibwino kuti ndikudziwa kuti zisudzo ndi gawo chabe la mgwirizano wonse wogulitsa malonda.

Samanenanso chilichonse chochita ndi mtengo wolipiridwa kuti alandire katundu kapena njira yolipira kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito.

Zowonjezera?

Inscotels osaphimba kusamutsa umwini wa katundu, ngongole ya katundu kapena kuphwanya mgwirizano.

Muyenera kusamalira izi pa mgwirizano wanu wogulitsa.

Kuphatikiza apo, zibolibolo sizingatamalire malamulo aliwonse okakamiza.

Inscoterms amafotokoza pakati panu ndi wopereka wanu waku China, yemwe amayang'anira:

• Malipiro akasitomu
• Kuyendetsa Katundu

Ndipo, amene ali ndi chiopsezo cha zinthu za zinthu nthawi zina pa kayendedwe ka mayendedwe.

Ma incoterms

Komabe, sikofunikira kuti muphatikizire nawo mgwirizano wanu.

Koma mukaphatikizidwa, pangano lanu la malonda liyenera kutchulanso kusintha kwapamwamba kwambiri:Incroterms 2010.

Ngakhale kuti mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mokakamiza 2000 m'malo mwa 2010, ndikanakulepheretsani kuchita izi kuti mupewe zovuta.

Ndakonzanso izi za chitsogozo chokwanira cha 2010 zomwe zili ndi zochepa kapena zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi kutumiza kwapadziko lonse.

Imapereka mwatsatanetsatane, ndikulongosola zomveka zilizonse.

Incroterms 2010

Kusintha kwaposachedwa kwamigwirizano yapadziko lonse lapansi,Incroterms 2010, idayamba kugwira pa Januware 1, 2011, ndipo limakhala ndi ma incoterm 11.

Accotirms 2010 yagawidwa m'magulu 11 m'magulu awiri kutengeraNjira Yoperekera:

1. Malamulo a mayendedwe aliwonse omwe amapanga mawu:

• SUW (Ex amagwira ntchito)
• FCA (Wonyamula waulere)
• CPT (yonyamula katundu)
• CIP (yonyamula ndi inshuwaransi yolipira)
• Data (zoperekedwa ku terminal)
• DAP (kuperekedwa m'malo), ndipo
• DDP (ntchito yoperekedwa)

2. Malamulo a nyanja ndi mkati mwanjira zokhazo zomwe zimapanga mawu:

• FAS Free pafupi ndi sitimayo)
• FOB (KWAULERE)
• CRR (mtengo ndi katundu), ndipo
• CIF (Inshuwaransi ndi katundu)

2010 ma incoterms

Titha kukhala pagulu m'magulu anayi m'magulu anayi kutengeraMfundo Zoperekera.

• Gulu "E"- zimaphatikizapo (kutuluka)

Mfundo yoperekera ndi malo ogulitsa.

• Gulu "F" -zimaphatikizapo (fob, FA & FCA)

Mfundo yoperekera isanakwane kapena yokwera ku chotengera chachikulu chonyamula, ndi chonyamula chomwe sichinasungidwe kapena wogulitsa.

• Gulu "c"(CFR, CPT, CPT & CPP)

Mfundo yobwereka ili mpaka yopitilira ya chotengera chachikulu chonyamula, ndi chonyamula chosungidwa ndi wotumiza.

• Gulu "D"(Dap, dat & ddp)

Mfundo yoperekera ndi kopita komaliza.

Mwachidule, pansi pa mawu oyamba ndi kalata C kapena d, wogulitsa ali ndi udindo womaliza mgwirizanowo ndi kampani yonyamula / yotumizira.

Komanso, pansi pa mawu oyamba ndi kalata E kapena F, ndi inu wogula yemwe amanyamula wonyamula.

Wogula ndi wogulitsa

Wogulitsayo akuyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti muli ndi mwayi wolandira malonda kuchokera kwa chonyamulira pomwe akupita komwe amanyamula.

Kuonetsetsa kuti ndikofunikira makamaka monga mgwirizano wotumizira umakhudzidwa.

Muyenera kukhala ndi zolemba kuchokera kwa wotsatsa, monga ndalama zogulira, zomwe zingakulolezeni kuti mutenge katunduyo kuchokera pa mayendedwe.

Zachidziwikire kuti izi ndi pambuyo popereka cholembera cholembedwa posinthanitsa ndi katundu.

Ngati chinanso cha China chimakhala ndi mgwirizano wonyamula ndi imodzi mwa mawu a D, ayenera kukhala woyang'anira katunduyo mpaka pomwe panali malo operekera.

Ndiudindo wawo kutsimikizira kuti zinthu zikuyenda bwino ku malo omwe akubwera.

Ngati vuto limabwera nthawi yoyendera, iwo (wogulitsa) amakhala pachiwopsezo.

Mosiyana ndi izi, pansi pa zilembo zoyambira ndi makalata C, wogulitsa wanu ndi amene amayambitsa ndikulipira onyamula.

Chifukwa chake, ngati vuto limabwera nthawi ya mayendedwe, ndiwe amene ali ndi chiopsezo.

Magulu a Magulu

Tulukani (ex amagwira ntchito), FOB (Free pa bolodi) ndi FCA (onyamula mwaulere) ndiye mapangidwe otchuka kwambiri a 2010.

Ngakhale zili zambiri, pali zambiri zokhudza njira zina zophunzirira.

Popeza ndi ma termicaloologies mwalamulo, omwe adalembedwa kuchokera ku malingaliro ovomerezeka, mawu apadziko lonse amatha kukhala ovuta kapena osamvetseka.

Kupanga chisankho cholakwika kungachititse kuti mutumizireni kutumizidwa movutikira.

Pazifukwa izi, ndakonzanso ziwalozo za 2010 zomwe zimawongolera kuti kutumiza kwanu ku ku China kovuta komanso kosavuta.

Tiyeni tipite molunjika ku malamulo 11 a incroteers 2010 - sichoncho?

Cif - mtengo, inshuwaransi, ndi katundu

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito CIFT CIFT yotumiza kuchokera ku China, ndiye wogulitsa amene ali ndi udindo wochita:

i.Chilolezo kunja

ii.Kuchuluka kwa inshuwaransi

iii.Mayendedwe akulu opita ku port yomwe yasankhidwa

Incroterm imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu Inland ndi ma rones am'madzi.

CIF ispaterm - Chithunzi chabwino:

Maudindo a Wogulitsa (Chidule)

Pansipa pali ena mwa maudindo akuluakulu aogulitsa:

Zolemba ndi zolembedwa

Pa chiopsezo chawo ndi mtengo, wogulitsa amapeza ziphaso zonse zogulitsa ndi zolemba.

Amalipiranso ntchito zogulitsa zogulitsa zogulitsa.

Ndi inshuwaransi ndi inshuwaransi

Wogulitsa wanu ndi amene amayang'anira kunyamula ndikukulitsa katunduyo ku doko lomwe mukupita.

Komabe, katunduyo akangodutsa njanji ya sitimayo ku popita komwe akupita, mumatenga ngongole yotayika kapena kuwonongeka.

Ndikukulimbikitsani kuti muumirire inshuwaransi yomwe imakupatsani mwayi woti mulembe ku kampani ya inshuwaransi.

· · ·

Wogulitsa ali ndi mphamvu yonyamula katunduyo ku doko lanu.

Kutumiza kumaganiziridwa kuti katunduyo akangofika padoko lanu lolowera.

Mtengo

Wokondera wanu amaphimba ndalama zonse zoyendera, inshuwaransi ndi milandu yonse yokhudzana ndi kutumiza ku China.

Udindo wa wogula (Chidule)

Pansipa pali ena mwa maudindo akuluakulu a wogula:

Chilolezo ndi zolemba za miyambo

Monga wogula, mukuyenera kuchita ndi kukwaniritsa mtengo wonse wokhudzana ndi protocol yolumikizira ntchito ndi misonkho.

· Carriage

Muli ndi udindo wonyamula katundu kuchokera ku doko lomwe latchulidwa pofika pofika pomaliza.

Kusamutsa

Mumakhala ndi udindo wokhala pachiwopsezo cha kutayika kapena kuwonongeka kuchokera pomwepo kutumiza njanji kufika pa doko lofika.

Mtengo

Ndinu oyenera kulipira zonse zokhudzana ndi katunduyo kuyambira nthawi yomwe amakongoletsa padoko lanu.

Milandu imaphatikizapo kutsitsa, kugwirizanitsa kwa Port, ndi kulowetsa ndalama zolipirira makonda.

Ngakhale wogulitsa amakhala wolakwa ndikukumana ndi inshuwaransi panthawi yotumizira, mutha kukhala ndi "chiwongola dzanja" chosakhazikika "akangofika poyambira port.

Ndikupangira kuti mulandire inshuwaransi yowonjezera ya katundu mukamawanyamula kumalo anu omaliza.

Chitsanzo cha momwe mungawerengere mtengo pansi pa mawu a CIF

Mutha kulowa nawo mgwirizano wogulitsa ndi kampani yogulitsa ku China kuti akupatseni ma cynchi 2000.

Wotsatsayo ali ndi udindo wonyamula zinthuzo ku chidebe.

Wogulitsa wanu (kampani yogulitsa) amapeza katundu kuchokera kwa wopanga zomwe amachitaInvoice ya VATpa117 rMBpa beench.

Yerekezerani wopanga amasangalala kubweza kwa 5%, yomwe imapangitsa117 / 1.17x0.05 = 5 RMBKubwezeretsanso gawo lililonse.

Mwachitsanzo, ngati wogulitsa wanu akufuna kupanga phindu la12 rMB pabench Clun, ndiye zowonjezera12 - 5 = 7 rMBziyenera kuwonjezeredwa pamtengo wa unit.

Ingoganizirani izi, chilolezo cha miyambo, ndi zowunikira ndalama zonse2 rMBgawo lililonse; ndiyeMtengo Wonse wa Fobziyenera kukhala117 + 7 + 2 = 126 RMB.

Ngati mtengo wosinthana ndi1 USD = 6 RMB, mtengo wa fob udzakhala126/6 = 21 USD.

Nthawi zina mgwirizanowu ukunena kuti mfundo yoperekera ndi yosungiramo katundu.

Kenako mtengo wonyamula katundu kuchokera ku nyumba yosungiramo katundu, yomwe imatengedwa kuti ikhale0.6 RMBPa bench iliyonse, iyenera kulipiridwa ndi inu.

Chifukwa chake, mtengo wa nkhandwe uyenera kukhala126 RMB + 0.6 RMB = 126.6 RMB, omwe amatembenukira ku21.1 USDmalinga ndi mtengo wosinthana.

Ndipo poganiza kuti katundu wanyamula $ 20 'ku malo anu ndi2000 USD,ndiMayunitsi a 2000a bench Clack imatha kukhala mu gawo limodzi. Chifukwa chake katundu wambiri wa bench Clan Conck ndi1 USD.

ChonchoCFR = Fob + Freight = 21 + 1 = 22 =(21.1) + 1 = 22.1USD

Zindikirani:Mtengo wa mabatani ndi pomwe malo operekera ali panyumba yosungiramo katundu.

Mtengo wa inshuwaransi ukakhala 0,8 / 100 mwa 110% ya mtengo wa invoice, ndiye kuti ndalama za inshuwaransi zitha kuwerengeredwa monga:

22 (22.1) x 1.1 x0.008 = 0.19 USD

Chifukwa chake,CFR = inshuwaransi ya CFR + 22 / (22.1) + 0.19 = 22.19 / (22.29))USD

Ex amagwira (kutuluka)

Posachedwa, wogulitsa amayika katunduyo mufikidwe kapena malo omwe muli nawo kapena chidebe.

Kutha

Pambuyo popereka mpaka pano, mudzatenga zoopsa zonse ndi ndalama kuchokera kwa wogulitsa.

Komanso, ndikofunikira kuti mudziwe kuti lingaliro ili likugwira ntchito mu mods kapena zoyendera zingapo.

Maudindo a Wogulitsa (Chidule)

Nazi zina mwa maudindo akuluakulu aogulitsa omwe ali pansi pa Exw incroter

Chilolezo ndi zolemba za miyambo

Pakupempha kwanu, chiopsezo ndi ndalama, wogulitsa ayenera kupereka thandizo pakupeza ziphaso, zolemba ndi zololeza muyenera kutumiza kunja ndikuyitanitsa malonda.

· Carriage

Muyenera kudziwa kuti mawuwa safuna kugulitsa kuti apereke katundu.

Mtengo

Wogulitsa amavala mtengo wonse mpaka zinthuzo zakhazikitsidwa, nthawi zambiri kumayilesi ndi wogulitsa kapena chidebe.

Zowononga izi zimapanga mawonekedwe apakhomo kapena satifiketi yoyeserera (ngati pangafunike.)

Ikani chinsalu

Udindo wa wogula (Chidule)

Ena mwa maudindo akuluakulu a wogulayo pansi pa Exw incwm amaphatikiza:

Zolemba ndi zolembedwa

Pa chiopsezo chanu ndi mtengo, mumakhala ndi katundu woteteza zonse zotumiza kunja komanso zololeza, zilolezo, zolemba, ntchito, misonkho.

Kusamutsa

Mumatenga chiopsezo chonse cha kutayika kapena kuwonongeka kuyambira pomwe wogulitsa wayika katunduyo.

Mtengo

Mumaphimba ndalama zonse zomwe pambuyo pake wogulitsa wapanga katunduyo kwa inu.

Zimaphatikizanso ndalama zilizonse chifukwa chakulephera kulandira katunduyo mukamapereka.

Mudzazindikira kuti ogulitsa amagwiritsa ntchito lamulo popanga ndemanga yoyamba yogulitsa zinthu zawo.

Imayimira mtengo wa katundu wochepera mtengo uliwonse.

Kuwerengera mtengo wake

Ndidzagwiritsabe ntchito chitsanzo cham'mbuyomu patsamba lino:

Mumagula bedi limadutsa kudzera pa kampani yogulitsa kuchokera ku China, ndipo mtengo pa invoice ya Vat ndi117 RMB.

Chifukwa wopanga amasangalala5% kubweza msonkho, kubweza msonkho kwa gawo lililonse117 / 1.17x0.05 = 5 RMB.

Ndipo tinene kuti wogulitsa wanu (kampani yogulitsa) akufuna phindu la12 rMBgawo lililonse, ndiye zowonjezera12 - 5 = 7 rMBziyenera kuphatikizidwa pamtengo.

Chifukwa chake, mtengo wawukulu wa gawo lirilonse ayenera kukhala117 + 7 = 124 RMB. Tiyerekeze kuti kusinthanitsandi 1 USD = 6 RMB, mtengo wa EPW ndiye124/6 = 20.67 USDpa beench.

Wonyamula zaulere (FCA)

Inclerm iyi imafuna wogulitsa kuti achotse katundu wotumiza kunja ndiye kuti amawapereka kwa onyamula dzinawo monga momwe mukuwongolera.

Mawuwa ndi oyenera kwa mitundu yonse kapena njira zingapo zoyendera.

Cvome

Maudindo a Wogulitsa (Chidule)

Ena mwa maudindo akuluakulu ogulitsa pansi pa CFA Incoterm Phatikizani izi:

Zolemba ndi zolembedwa

Wogulitsayo amafunikira pangozi yawo ndipo ndalama zake zimayambitsa ma protocol onse, kuphatikizapo kulandira zilolezo zofunika, chilolezo ndi kulipira ntchito ndi misonkho.

· Carriage

Wogulitsayo sayenera kupereka mayendedwe atapereka katunduyo ku chonyamulira chanu.

· · ·

Wogulitsa amaganiziridwa kuti wapereka zinthu zomwe akanawanyamula paonyamula kapena kuwapereka ku nyumba yonyamula katundu kapena kunyamula.

Mtengo

Wogulitsa amatenga mtengo wonsewo mpaka amapereka katunduyo kumalo onyamula katundu kapena kunyamula katundu.

Udindo wa wogula (Chidule)

Munjira iyi, wogula ali ndi maudindo otsatirawa:

Zolemba ndi zolembedwa

Mukuyenera kuchita ndi kukwaniritsa mtengo wa zinthu zonse zomwe zimagwirizana ndi kutumiza, kuphatikizapo kulandira zilolezo zofunika, chilolezo ndi kulipira ntchito ndi misonkho.

· Carriage

Mukuyang'anira mayendedwe kuyambira pomwe wogulitsa amapereka katunduyo kwa wonyamula.

Kusamutsa

Mumaganiza kuti mukuwonongeka chifukwa cha kutaya, kuba kapena chiwonongeko chomwe wogulitsa amatumiza katunduyo kwa wonyamula.

Mtengo

Mumakhala ndi nkhawa yotsika mtengo komanso inshuwaransi ikangogulitsa katunduyo kwaonyamula.

"Chonyamulira" chili ndi tanthauzo lalikulu komanso chowonjezera.

Wonyamula akhoza kukhala ndege, kampani yoluka, njanji, kapena mzere wotumizira.

Komanso, wonyamula amatha kukhala munthu kapena kampani yomwe imapereka njira zoyendera, ngati wotumizira bwino.

Kutumiza mogwirizana ndi kutumiza (HAS)

Imeneyi imayang'anira wogulitsa kuti ayambe kutumiza ndalamazo ndikukonzekera kuperekera katundu pafupi ndi chotengera cholembedwa chomwe chili patsamba lotumiza.

Sokosi

Mawuwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito munyanja yamtsinje wamtsinje wam'madzi ndi mitundu yamadzi am'madzi kokha.

Maudindo a Wogulitsa (Chidule)

Udindo waukulu pano ukuphatikiza:

Zolemba ndi zolembedwa

Wogulitsayo amafunikira pachiwopsezo chawo ndikuwononga njira zonse zokhudzana ndi kutumiza kunja kuphatikizapo kulandira zilolezo, chilolezo, zolemba ndi misonkho ndi misonkho.

· Carriage

Wogulitsa amangopereka malo osungirako.

· · ·

Kutumiza katundu kumawerengedwa pomwe wogulitsa amapeza zogulitsa pafupi ndi chotengera panthawi yogwirizana.

Mtengo

Wogulitsa amasamalira ndalama zonse mpaka atayika katunduyo pambali pa chotengera chotchedwa chotchedwa chotumizira.

Udindo wa wogula (Chidule)

Udindo waukulu umaphatikizapo zotsatirazi:

Zolemba ndi zolembedwa

Mukuyenera kuchita ma protocols onse oyitanitsa, kuphatikizapo mafoni oyenera, amalola zolembera ndi kulipira ntchito ndi misonkho.

· Carriage

Mumakhala ndi udindo woyenda kuchokera ku doko lotchulidwa lotchedwa.

Kusamutsa

Chiwopsezo cha kutayika kapena chiwonongeko chimapita kwa inu kuyambira pomwe wogulitsa amaika katunduyo pambali pa chotengera cholembedwa.

Mtengo

Mumaphimba ndalama zonse zoyendera ndi inshuwaransi kuchokera pomwe wogulitsa nthawi amaika zopangidwazo pafupi ndi chotengera.

Zaulere pa bolodi (Fob)

Nthawi ya fob imapangitsa kuti wogulitsa agulitse chilolezo ndi kutumiza katundu wanu pa bolodi cholembera chotchedwa cholembera padoko lotumizidwa.

Incroter iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Inland ndi Marine Madzi oyenda m'madzi okha.

Fob

Maudindo a Wogulitsa (Chidule)

Udindo waukulu wa Wogulitsa ukuphatikiza:

Zolemba ndi zolembedwa

Wogulitsayo amangokhalira zoopsa zawo ndipo amatenga njira zonse zotumiza kunja, kuphatikizapo kulandira zilolezo, chilolezo, zikalata ndi misonkho ndi misonkho.

· Carriage

Wogulitsa amapereka maofesi kupita ku katundu wonyamula chotengera dzina lake.

· · ·

Wogulitsayo amawonedwa kuti atenga ndalama akangotulutsa katunduyo pa chotengera cholembedwa chomwe chili padoko lomwe lasankhidwa ndikukonzekera.

Mtengo

Wogulitsa amasamalira ndalama zonse mpaka katundu pa bolodi lotumiza.

Udindo wa wogula (Chidule)

Nayi maudindo akuluakulu a wogula mu fob incroterm:

Zolemba ndi zolembedwa

Mukuyenera kuchita ma protocols onse oyitanitsa, kuphatikizapo pomwe pakufunika, zikalata, ziphaso, zimaloledwa ndikulipira ntchito ndi misonkho.

· Carriage

Mukuyang'anira mayendedwe a katundu kuchokera ku port yochokera ku Port Yourment kupita komwe mukupita.

Kusamutsa

Chiwopsezo cha kutayika, kuba kapena kuwonongeka kwadutsa kuchokera kwa ogulitsa kwa inu kamodzi katunduyo akakwera sitima yotumizira.

Mtengo

Mumakumana ndi mtengo wonse wamayendedwe ndi inshuwaransi kuchokera kwa Wogulitsayo atanyamula katunduyo.

Kwa mitundu ina yanyumba, muyenera kuchita zina zomwe sitimayo imachoka padoko la kutumiza.

• Kuloza ndi kusokosera- Kuyika katundu moyenerera mchombo (Kuthamangitsira kukhazikika kwa chotengera, katundu wina wodzaza, ndi zina) ndikusunga zolembetsa kuti apewe kuyendayenda.
• Kuchepetsa- kusamalira & kubisa zinthu zonyamula katundu, Airbags etc.

Komabe, ulamuliro wa fob sukubisa zochitika izi - wogulitsa amakwaniritsa udindo wake pomwe katunduyo wanyamula "wokwezedwa."

Chifukwa chake izi zimafunikira kuti muchotsere katunduyo ndipo zikuyenera kuchitika ndi wotsatsa, mutha kulemba mawuwoFob adatsikira ndikuseka.

Chofunika, onetsetsani kuti muphatikizane ndi ndalama zomwe zili mu mgwirizano wamalonda.

Kutengera ndi omwe ali ndi ndalama zogulira, kusiyanasiyana kwina kwa fob nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito monga:

• NkhandweNthawi ikusonyeza kuti munthuyo akuthetsa mtengo wokweza ndi phwando (lomwe inu) mumayang'anira ndalama zotumizira. Mawuwa ndi ofanana ndi kuti katundu wambiri.
• Fob pansi pa seckleZikuwonetsa kuti wogulitsa amaika katunduyo mkati mwa chotengera chotumizira, ndipo mumaphimba mtengo wokweza katundu utachotsedwa.
• Fob adatsikira, FBS,chikuwonetsa kuti wogulitsa ali ndi mlandu ponyamula katunduyo pa bolodi, ndikuphimba ndalama zonse zonyamula ndi zotulutsa.
• FOB Yokonzedwa, Fobb, zikuwonetsa kuti wogulitsa ali ndi mlandu ponyamula katunduyo pa bolodi, ndikuphimba zonse zonyamula ndi kuchepetsa ndalama

Chitsanzo cha momwe mungawerengere mtengo pansi pa mawu akhungu

Ndigwiritsabe chitsanzo chathu cham'mbuyo cha fanizoli:

Tiyeni tiganize kuti mudzalowa mu malonda ndi kampani yogulitsa ku China kuti ikupatseni inu ndi ma clall 2000.

Magulu a kampaniyo kuti mulembetse mtengo womwe mulingo uliwonse pa invoice ya Vat ndi117 RMB kuphatikiza 17% VAT.

Wopanga amakonda kubweza msonkho wa 5%, kutanthauza kubweza msonkho kwa malo aliwonse ogona117 / 1.7x0.05 = 5 rMB.

Lingalirani kampani yogulitsa akufuna kuti neut yanu ikhale12 rMB, ndiye zowonjezera12-5 = 7 rMBziyenera kuphatikizidwa pamtengo.

Nthawi zambiri, mfundo yopititsa patsogolo mgwirizanowu ndi doko loti litumizidwe lomwe lili ndi zotengera zomwe zasankhidwa.

Kampani yogulitsa iyenera kukhala ndi vuto la mtengo wonyamula katundu ku chidebe, chomwe0.6 RMBgawo lililonse.

Nenani chilolezo chazachikhalidwe, chosanja, kuyang'ana kwa katundu, kusamalira kwa masitepe ndi ndalama zogwirira ntchito ndi 2 rMB pa gawo lililonse.

Chifukwa chake, aMtengo wa fob ali 117 + 0,6 + 7 = 126.6 RMB.

Tiyerekeze kuti timagwiritsa ntchito njira yosinthira1 USD = 6 RMB,Mtengo wotsiriza wa FOB ndiye126.6 / 6 = 21.1 USD.

Fob ndi zina mwazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika kwambiri 2010 malamulo obwezeretsanso.

Nthawiyo iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ma rine ndi mainvingy amadzi am'madzi okha koma osati a mpweya kapena magalimoto.

Nyk Line

Kuphatikiza apo, mawuwa amagwira ntchito kwa katundu wosakhazikika kokha.

Chifukwa chake ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito fob pakalipano pa ulalo, ganizirani mawu a FCA.

Mtengo ndi katundu (CFR)

Mukatumiza pansi pa ma incoterms, wogulitsa wanu ndi amene amachititsa kuti zikhale zovomerezeka ku China ndi Cart milandu ya Porder.

Mawuwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa marine ndi timvi yam'madzi.

Maudindo a Wogulitsa (Chidule)

Udindo waukulu pano ukuphatikiza:

Zolemba ndi zolembedwa

Wogulitsa amasunga zoopsa zawo ndikuwononga zilolezo zonse zotumiza, amalola, zolemba, ntchito, ndi misonkho.

Komanso, iye kapena amapangira njira zonse zotumiza kunja.

· Carriage

Wogulitsayo amapangidwa moyenera kuti akonzekere mayendedwe a katundu kupita ku doko lanu lopita.

Koma, pamene mankhwalawo akangodutsa njanji ya sitimayo ku doko lakunyamuka, umakhala ndi udindo kutaya, kuba kapena kuwonongeka.

· · ·

Wogulitsayo amaliza udindo woperekera nthawi yomwe amakutola zotumiza kwanu padoko lotulutsira.

Mtengo

Wogulitsa amaphimba ndalama zonse zoyendera kupita kudoko lolowera.

Udindo wa wogula (Chidule)

Apa, maudindo akuluakuluwo akuphatikiza:

Zolemba ndi zolembedwa

Mukuyenera kuchita njira zonse zoitanitsa ndikusamalira mtengo wonse kuphatikiza ntchito ndi misonkho.

· Carriage

Muli ndi udindo wonyamula katundu kuchokera komwe mukupita kukafika ku zomaliza.

Kusamutsa

Muyenera kudziwa kuti kusamutsidwa kwa chiopsezo kuchokera kwa wogulitsa kwa inu komwe kumachitika nthawi yomweyo katunduyo adutsa njanji ya sitimayo ku doko la doko lotumizira.

Mtengo

Mukuyang'anira ndalama zilizonse zowonjezera kuyambira nthawi yomwe katunduyo amafika popita komwe mukupita.

Ngakhale kuti wogulitsa sangakhale ndi mlandu wotumizira akangowoloka njanji ya sitimayo, atha kusunga "chiwongola dzanja chosawerengeka" paulendowu.

Pachifukwa ichi, ndimalimbikitsa kuti agule chivundikiro chowonjezera.

Chitsanzo cha momwe mungawerengere mtengo pansi pa mawu a CFR

Ndigwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo komwe mumagula mwachindunji kuchokera kwa wopanga m'malo modutsa kampani yogulitsa.

Tidzagwiritsanso ntchito chimodzimodzi2000Zovala zomata zimapangidwa mu chidebe chimodzi, ndipo mukufuna ku CFR Sydney mtengo mtengo.

Mtengo wopangidwa ndi wopanga gawo la bedindi 56 rMB.

Tiyeni tiganize kuti wopanga akufuna phindu la5rmbndi chindapusa cha padengandi 2 rMBChifukwa chake, mtengo wa fakitale wa gawo lililonse la bedi lidzakhala63 RMB.

Tiyeni tiyerekeze kuti mtengo wonyamula kuchokera ku fakitale kupita ku mitsuko ndi2000 RMB, kutanthauza1 rMBgawo lililonse.

Ngati mtengo wotumizira chilolezo chazachilengedwe, ogwirira ntchito, zokutira ndi kuyerekezera kwabwino4000 RMB,kutanthauza kuti ndalama2 rMBpabedi pa bedi.

Chifukwa chake, mtengo wa fob = mtengo wa fakitale (63 RMB) Mtengo wonyamula (1 rMB) + padoko2 rMB) =66 RMB.

Kuganiza kuti timawerengera ndalamazi pogwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka kwa1 USD = 6.6 RMB, ndiye kuti mulipira mtengo wa66 / 6.6 = 10 USDpa bedi lililonse.

Chifukwa chonyamula katundu wa 20 'kuchokera ku China kupita ku Sydney ndi2000 RMB, motero katundu wonyamula katundu aliyense ali2000usd / 2000 mayunitsi = 1 USDgawo lililonse.

Chifukwa chakeMtengo wa CFR = mtengo wa fob + katundu wonyamula = 10 + 1 = 11 USDgawo lililonse logona.

Chonyamula zolipiridwa (cpt)

Ndi lingaliro ili, wogulitsa amatumiza chilolezo chogulitsa ndi kunyamula komwe akupitako.

Mukuganiza zonse zowonongeka, kuba kapena kuwonongeka kwa nthawi yomwe wogulitsa amapereka katunduyo pachinyamulidwe chachikulu.

Cpp

Mawu a CPT amakhudza njira iliyonse yoyendera

Maudindo a Wogulitsa (Chidule)

Mu lingaliro ili, maudindo a wogulitsa amaphatikiza zotsatirazi:

Zolemba ndi zolembedwa

Wogulitsayo amapeza chiopsezo chawo ndikuthamangitsa ndalama zonse zotumiza, amalola, ntchito, ndi misonkho.

Amachitanso njira zonse zotumiza kunja.

· Carriage

Wogulitsayo amayang'anira mayendedwe opita ku dissine kapena doko komwe akupita.

· · ·

Wogulitsa amawerengedwa kuti adapereka katundu kwa inu nthawi yomweyo amadzipereka ku chonyamulira chachikulu.

Mtengo

Wogulitsa amasamalira milandu yonse mpaka katunduyo atachoka ku terminal kapena doko lotchedwa lotchedwa, koma adatsitsa.

Udindo wa wogula (Chidule)

Monga wogula, maudindo anu angaphatikizepo izi:

Zolemba ndi zolembedwa

Mukukakamizidwa kusamalira zokhudzana ndi kulowetsedwa, kuphatikizapo chilolezo chamitundu ndi kulipira ntchito ndi misonkho

· Carriage

Simuli osakakamiza kupereka mayendedwe akulu a katundu.

Kusamutsa

Mumayamba kukhala ndi udindo wokhala pachiwopsezo cha kutayika, kuba kapena kuwonongeka kuchokera nthawi yomwe zinthu zimaperekedwa kwa wonyamula woyamba.

Mtengo

Muli ndi udindo wopeza ndalama zina zowonjezera pambuyo pogulitsa atenga katunduyo pamalo omwe adavomerezedwa.

Ngakhale inu kapena otetezapo ali ndi udindo wopereka inshuwaransi pa mayendedwe, nonse awiri mutha kukhala ndi chidwi chosawerengeka.

Chifukwa cha izi, ndikupangira kuti mugule chivundikiro chowonjezera cha Marine.

Pankhani ya mayendedwe osiyanasiyana, chiopsezo chimasinthira kwa wogulitsa kwa inu pomwe wogulitsa amapereka zinthu kwaonyamula koyamba.

Chonyamula ndi inshuwaransi yolipidwa (CIP)

Apa, wogulitsa amasamalira chilolezo chotumizira, ndikunyamula inshuwaransi, ndi kunyamula komwe akupitako.

Koma monga wogula, ndinu oyenera pangozi yonse ya kutayika, kuba kapena kuwonongeka kuchokera pomwe wogulitsa amatumiza katunduyo kumalo onyamula.

Cip imagwera pakati pa ziphuphu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira iliyonse yoyendera.

Maudindo a Wogulitsa (Chidule)

Monga wogulitsa, maudindo anu angaphatikizepo izi:

Zolemba ndi zolembedwa

Wogulitsa amapeza chiopsezo chawo ndikuthamangitsa zonse zotumiza kutumiza, ntchito, misonkho, imaloledwa ndi njira zotumiza kunja.

Ndi inshuwaransi ndi inshuwaransi

Mawu oti amayendetsa wogulitsa kuti akonzekere mayendedwe akulu ndi kutola kwa inshuwaransi kuti katundu wanu abweretse.

Chofunika, inshuwaransi ikukupatsani mwayi wonena za inshuwaransi.

· · ·

Wogulitsa amatengedwa kuti amaliza kutumiza akangotumiza katunduyo kuti atuluke kwambiri.

Mtengo

Wogulitsa wanu ku China amatenga ndalama zonyamula ndi inshuwaransi mpaka doko lomwe likukonzekera.

Udindo wa wogula (Chidule)

Maudindo akuluakulu a Buyer amaphatikizapo:

Zolemba ndi zolembedwa

Mukukakamizidwa kuti mukwaniritse ndalama zonse zomwe zimagwirizana ndi njira zoloweza zomwe zimayambitsa ntchito ndi misonkho.

· Carriage

Inclerm iyi siyikufuna kuti mupereke mayendedwe kupita ku dirrinel kapena popita.

Kusamutsa

Mukuganiza kuti mulingo chifukwa cha kutaya, kuba kapena kuwonongeka kwaogulitsa atapereka katundu kwa chonyamula chachikulu.

Mtengo

Muli ndi vuto lililonse lowonjezerapo katundu pambuyo pa katunduyo wasankha padenga lazosankhidwa kapena popita.

Dat - zoperekedwa ku terminal

Incroter iyi imapangitsa kuti wogulitsa athetse ndalama zonse zokhudzana ndi zomwe mwapanga ku terminal komwe adasankhidwa.

Mtengowo umaphimbanso kuchokera ku chimbudzi chobwera.

Data

Ngati mukuyang'ana incoterms yomwe ingagwire ntchito mwanjira iliyonse kapena njira zingapo zoyendera, kenako dat ndi imodzi mwazosankha zanu.

Maudindo a Wogulitsa (Chidule)

Udindo waukulu wa Wogulitsa ukuphatikiza izi:

Zolemba ndi zolembedwa

Wogulitsa amapeza ngozi yawo ndikuthamangitsa zonse zofunika kutumiza kunja, ntchito, misonkho, imaloledwa, ndi njira zosanja.

· Carriage

Wogulitsa wanu amakakamizidwa kunyamula ndikuwonetsetsa kuti katundu ali ndi inu kumalo komwe mukupita.

Komanso, ayenera kutsitsa kutumiza kuchokera ku chotengera choyendera.

· · ·

Wogulitsayo amaliza kutumiza atatsegula katunduyo kuchokera ku chonyamulira pamalo omwe akupita kapena doko.

Mtengo

Wokondedwa wanu amaphimba ndalama zonse mpaka komwe akupita, kuphatikizira ma terminals omwe amagwirizanitsa ndi ndalama zina.

Udindo wa wogula (Chidule)

Maudindo anu monga wogula aphatikizira izi:

Zolemba ndi zolembedwa

Mukukakamizidwa kuchita ndi kulipirira njira zofananira zokhudzana ndi makonda kuphatikiza ntchito ndi misonkho ndi misonkho.

· Carriage

Simuli ndi vuto loti mupeze mayendedwe akulu a katundu

Kusamutsa

Chiwopsezo chimasamutsidwa kuchokera kwa wogulitsa kwa inu pambuyo pawo kuti katunduyu akupezeka kwa inu ku terminal.

Mtengo

Increder iyi imakupangitsani kuti mukhale ndi vuto lililonse lotsatira pambuyo poti wogulitsa wapereka kutumiza komwe akupitako.

Tisanapite ku Incroteers yotsatira ya 2010 yotsatira, ndikuwona kuti ndikofunikira kukudziwitsani za "Kutumiza Exey" (deq).

Ena othandizira ku China akhoza kusankha kugwiritsa ntchito.

Deq inali imodzi mwamalamulo a Scooterms omwe amafuna kuti wogulitsa apereke zogulitsa kwa wharf pa doko lofika.

Komabe, data idasinthira mawu oti musungunuke 2010.

Tanthauzo la Kupulumutsidwa Ex

Monga ndanenera pamwambapa, deq inali nthawi yofotokoza za kusinthana kwa ma scoterms 2000.

Mukudziwa kuti "D" ya incroterm idapangitsa kuti ikhale yovuta kwa wogulitsa.

Wogulitsa anali ndi vuto la zoopsa zonse ndi mtengo mpaka adatulutsa katundu monga momwe akuwonetsera pa mgwirizano wogulitsa.

Deq

Kupulumutsidwa Ex Quay kunatanthauza kuti wogulitsa anali woti apereke katundu pa Harrf ndipo chifukwa chake amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku mathiramu am'madzi am'madzi.

Zinalembedwa kuti ntchito iliyonse yolipidwa kapena yosalipidwa kutengera mgwirizano.

Deq inali njira yopulumutsira sitima yakale (des).

Pansi pa nthawi, wogulitsa adapereka ndalamazo kwa inu pa bolodi lotumiza ku doko lomwe mukupita.

M'malo mwake, deq inafunika wogulitsa kuti atumize zogulitsazo kwa wharf.

Kuti mugwiritse ntchito deq, wogulitsa wanu amayenera kukhala ndi layisensi yobweretsera kapena kuloledwa kuloledwa kubweretsa m'dziko lanu.

Zinali pa wogulitsa kuti amalize zolemba zonse zovomerezeka ndi njira zofunikira pakuyendera zinthu kwa wharf m'dziko lanu.

Lamulo la dat lalowa m'malo mwake mu exoterms 2010.

DET ndi mawu ochulukirapo kuposa deq kuyambira "terminal" ikhoza kukhala malo aliwonse, mwina panjira yamadzi kapena doko lina la njira ina yoyendera.

DAP - yoperekedwa kumalo (... adatchulapo malo)

Incerm iyi imapangitsa kuti wogulitsa apereke katunduyo pamalo omwe akupita (makamaka chitseko chako), okonzeka kutsegula kuchokera kunjira zoyendera.

Dap

DAP limakupatsani udindo wochepa pamene mukungokakamizidwa kuti mulowetse chilolezo.

Ngati DPdu ndi komwe mumakondera kutumizira, ndiye kuti muli ndi choloweza mmalo.

Maudindo a Wogulitsa (Chidule)

Maudindo anu adzaphatikizaponso:

Zolemba ndi zolembedwa

Wogulitsayo amangokhala pachiwopsezo chawo ndikuthamangitsa njira zonse zotumiza kunja, ntchito, ndi misonkho.

· Carriage

Wogulitsayo amapangidwa kuti azinyamula katundu wa katundu wanu.

· · ·

Wogulitsayo amaliza udindo woperekera nthawi yomwe amapereka zomwe amapangira pamalo omwe mudasankhidwa, ngakhale kuti adatsitsidwa.

Mtengo

Wogulitsayo ndi amene amachititsa ndalama zonse mpaka atapereka komwe akupita ku komwe adasankhidwa.

Udindo wa wogula (Chidule)

Udindo Wanu Monga Wogula Ndi Wophatikiza:

Zolemba ndi zolembedwa

Monga wolowetsa, mumayang'anira njira zokhudzana ndi mayitanidwe kuphatikiza zolemba zolembedwa, kupeza ziphaso zoyenerera ndikulipira ntchito ndi misonkho ndi misonkho.

· Carriage

Mawuwa sakhala ndi udindo panu mpaka kunyamula katundu.

Kusamutsa

Muyenera kudziwa kuti mumayamba kukhala ndi vuto lililonse logulitsa litatha kugula zinthu kwa inu pamalo opitako.

Mtengo

Mumayamba kukhala ndi vuto lililonse kuchokera pomwe wogulitsa wapereka katundu pa malo omwe adasankhidwa.

Ogulitsa ena ku China akadasankha kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo a Scotters 2000 omwe amagulitsa mapangano awo.

Chifukwa chake mutha kudutsa mawuwoDaf, des,ndiDdu.

NgakhaleDapwalowa m'malo mwake.

Ndikofunikira kuti ndiwamvetsetse kuti asamaganize zovuta panthawi yotumizira.

Kupulumutsidwa ku Freeer (Daf)

Incroterms daf adapangitsa kuti wogulitsa ukhale ndi vuto la katunduyo pamalo omwe adasankhidwa kukhala malire.

Kuphatikiza apo, wogulitsa analinso ndi ma protocol onse otumiza kunja ndi zolemba, kuphatikiza ntchito ndi misonkho.

Dafu

Daf Ambiri adagwiritsidwa ntchito mu msewu wawukulu kapena njanji, koma zingagwiritsidwe ntchito mosiyanasiyana.

Kupulumutsidwa Sitima Yabwino (des)

Ngati mungatumize pamalingaliro, malo operekera ali pa chotengera chopitako, ndipo chikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mitundu yam'madzi yam'madzi ndi m'madzi am'madzi okha.

Pansi pa ictroterm, wogulitsa adawerengedwa kuti wapereka katunduyo akangowabweretsa iwo pa bolodi lotumiza komwe akupita.

Maganizo

Komanso, kuopsa kwake ndi ndalama zoyendetsera zinthuzo ku doko komwe akupitako kunali wogulitsa.

Ntchito yoperekedwa (ddu)

Kutumiza kuchokera ku China pansi pa DDD

Munali ndi udindo wotsitsa kuyambira pomwe wogulitsa adakwaniritsa udindo wake pambuyo pa katunduyo kwa inu pa bolodi lomwe likutumizidwa komwe mukupita.

Monga mukuwonera, liwu ili linakupangitsani kukhala ndi udindo wotsitsa, kulowetsa chilolezo, ndi ndalama zina zonse zotsatila.

Chifukwa inshuwaransi ndi gawo lofunikira potumiza kuchokera kunja, ma damu adayika wogulitsa kuti akonze inshuwaransi ya Marine kuti ikhale katundu.

Ntchito yoperekedwa (DDP)

Nayi nkhani ina yomwe imakusiyani ndi udindo wochepa.

Ndi DDP, wogulitsa ali ndi vuto lililonse logwirizana ndi kupeza katunduyo malo omwe akupitako, kuyeretsa kuti usatulutsire kuchokera ku chotengera.

DDP - Chithunzi Mwachilolezo: Ndalama Zamalonda Zapadziko lonse lapansi

Incroterm imagwira ntchito mwanjira iliyonse yoyendera.

Maudindo a Wogulitsa (Chidule)

Monga wogulitsa wanu, maudindo anu angaphatikizepo izi:

Zolemba ndi zolembedwa

Pa chiopsezo chawo ndi mtengo, wogulitsa amateteza zonse zotumiza kunja ndikuyitanitsa, zolemba, ntchito, ndi misonkho.

· Carriage

Wogulitsayo akuyenera kunyamula katunduyo komwe akupita.

· · ·

Kutumiza katundu kumatengedwa kwathunthu wogulitsa atawabweretsera komwe akupita, koma osatsitsidwa kuchokera ku chotengera cha mayendedwe.

Mtengo

Wogulitsayo ndiye amene amayang'anira ndalama zonse mpaka amapereka katunduyo kupita komwe adasankhidwa, makamaka pakhomo lanu.

Udindo wa wogula (Chidule)

Monga wogula, maudindo anu akuphatikiza izi:

Zolemba ndi zolembedwa

Mukufunika kuti mupereke, pempho la Wopereka wanu, thandizani kupeza ziphaso zotumizidwa kunja ndikuyitanitsa, zolemba, ndi zololeza.

· Carriage

Kutengera ndi mayendedwe a katundu, mawuwo saika udindo uliwonse pa inu.

Kusamutsa

Mumangotenga zoopsa zonse zotayika, kuba kapena kuwonongeka pambuyo pogulitsa watumiza kutumizidwa kwa inu pamalo omwe akupita.

Mtengo

Ndalama zonse pambuyo poti wogulitsa wabweretsa zogulitsa zomwe muli nazo pamalo omwe akupitako.

Nayi tchati chophatikizira cha ma incroterms 2010;

REFF mwachangu. ku makeke

Kuyerekeza ndi zisudzo

Mu gawo lino, ndikuyerekeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya incroterms mutha kulingalira za kutumiza kwanu kuchokera ku China.

Kusiyana pakati pa infmerms cif ndi cip

Pano pali chilichonse chomwe muyenera kudziwa:

Mayendedwe oyendera

Cif amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mayendedwe am'mimba opita ku port-doko.

CIP imagwira ntchito mu mitundu yonse yonyamula mpweya, nyanja, njanji, malo ndi mayendedwe osiyanasiyana.

· · ·

Pansi pa CIF CIFRE OGULITSA MALO OGULITSIRA MALO OGULITSIRA PAKUTI PAKATI PA DZINA LAPANSI.

Pansi pa mawu a CIP Kugulitsa zogulitsazo kwa wonyamula kapena munthu wina wosankhidwa ndi wotsatsa pamalo omwe ali ndi omwe ali ndi mwayi wogwirizana.

Kusamutsa

Pansi pa CIF CIMSTER Kusamutsa zoopsa kumachitika pa chotengera pamtima pa doko lotuluka.

Pansi pa Cip Version

Kutsegula ndi kutsitsa mtengo

Pansi pa CIF CIFRY Cestsess imatengera tanthauzo la mawuwo.

Pansi pa Cip mtengo zimakutidwa ndi wotsatsa, popanda kusokoneza.

Zikalata zonyamula

Pansi pa CIF CIFERSORS ENTERSONS SUFECTOR YA KULAMBIRA KWA NYAMBA YAMBIRI NDIPONSO ZOSAVUTA.

Pansi pa mawu a CIP chikalatacho amapanga ndalama zobwerera mkati, zamadzi, mpweya, njanji ndi zisumbu.

Dzina la komwe mukupita

Kwa zipwirizo zonse ndi Cifn dzina la komwe akupita liyenera kuwonjezeredwa pomwepo.

Kusiyana pakati pa CPT ndi CFR:

Ndisanakuuzeni pazophweka ziwirizo, ndiroleni ndikudziwitseni za kufanana pakati pa ziwirizi.

Kuyerekeza zitsulo za 2010

• Onse awiri a CPT ndi CPR ndi mawu otumizira kumene wogulitsa amangofunika kungopereka katundu padongosolo koma, siiyenera kutsimikizira kufika kwawo.
• Pansi pa zonse ziwiri, wogulitsa ndi amene amayambitsa makonzedwe ndi kulipira mtengo wa onyamula.
• Kusintha kwa chiopsezo m'malingaliro onse awiri kumachitika pambuyo poti wogulitsa amapereka katundu kwaonyamula.

Tiyeni tiwone kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa CPT ndi CFR informs.

Mayendedwe oyendera

CPT imagwiritsa ntchito njira zonse zoyendera

CFR ikugwira ntchito ku Marine ndi Pitway Tray

Kutumiza

Pansi pa ma CPT, malo operekera amadalira njira yoyendera.

Pansi pa mawu a CFR, malo operekera ndi doko lotuluka.

Kusamutsa

Ku CPT, chiopsezo chimasamutsidwa pambuyo pogulitsa chimatenga katunduyo kumalo onyamula.

Mu CFR, kusamutsa chiopsezo kumachitika nthawi yomwe katunduyo amaloza njanji ya sitimayo.

Kusiyana pakati pa FCA ndi FOB

FOB ali ndi nthawi yayitali omwe amawakonda.

Koma, chifukwa cha chidwi chomwe chili ndi chidebe chomwe chimatumiza, mayendedwe osiyanasiyana atulutsa chidwi cha amalonda kwambiri.

FCA vs. FOB - Chithunzi Mwachilolezo: FBABEE

Pachifukwa ichi, ICC mu incroterms yawo ya 2010 idasinthidwanso malamulo a FCA, yomwe ndiyoyenera kutumizidwa.

Monga ndafotokozera kale, mothandizidwa ndi FCA kutumiza, wogulitsa amakonza zoti azinyamula pamalo operekera, omwe ndi pomwe onyamula amalandira katunduyo.

Pansi pa mawu akhungu, wogulitsa amakonza zonyamula katunduyo mpaka katunduyo atakwera sitimayo yotumizira.

Kumufotokozera za FAB ndi FCA malamulo ndi ma incroterms 2010

Ulamuliro wa FOB umagwiranso ntchito ku Marine ndi kunyamula ngalande yamadzi okha.

Udindo woperekera ukhutitsidwa pomwe wogulitsa amatenga chonyamulacho pa doko lotumizidwa patsamba lanu losankhidwa.

Wogulitsayo atayika katunduyo, chiopsezo cha kutayika kapena chiwonongeko chikusunthidwa kwa inu.

Kutanthauza kuti muli ndi vuto lililonse pazowopsa zonse zotsatila.

Izi zimapangitsa FOB kuti isakhale yolakwika pomwe kusamutsa ngozi kumachitika kuti zinthu zisachitike.

Monga pamene wogulitsa amaliza kutumiza pamtunda. M'malo oterowo, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mawu a FCA.

BCA ulamuliro ndi woyenera kutumiza kamodzi kapena zingapo zotumizira.

Udindo woperekera umatha pomwe wogulitsa amatenga katundu paonyamula katundu wanu wosankhidwa kapena wonyamula katundu pamalo odziwika.

Muyenera kutchulanso zokambirana popeza ndi pomwe chiopsezo cha kutayika kapena kusungunuka kwa wogulitsa kwa inu.

Zoterezi m'zigawo za wogulitsa pansi pa Fob ndi FCA

Pofika pano muyenera kuzindikira kuti zonse ziwiri zili ndi ma incrotorms.

Chifukwa chake, amagawana zofanana zingapo mogwirizana ndi maudindo a wogulitsa.

FOB ndi FCA ndi ya gulu la f informs.

· Gener ogwiritsa ntchito

Pansi pa FUB ndi FCA Lamulo la FCA, wogulitsa amafunikira kupereka:

• Malo
• Inivoyisi yamalonda
• Zowonjezera zowonjezera kapena satifiketi molingana ndi mgwirizano wogulitsa

Ngati nonse mukuvomereza, ndiye kuti zolembedwa zamagetsi zokhudzana ndi malamulo ofanana zitha kuyikidwa m'malo mwake.

Mapangano ndi inshuwaransi

Mukatumiza pansi pa Fob kapena mawu a FCA, wogulitsa sakukakamizidwa kuti azingoyendera padoko lanu.

Komabe, wogulitsa akhoza kutengera zotumiza ngati bizinesi yamalondayi imakhalapo kapena pempho lanu pangozi yanu.

Wogulitsa, nthawi zonse, ali ndi ufulu wokhazikitsa mgwirizano wonyamula galimoto ngakhale ayenera kulankhulana ndi inu patapita nthawi.

Mlandu womwewo umagwiranso ntchito kwa mapangano a inshuwaransi; Wogulitsayo sakakamizidwa ndi mawu onse awiri kuti apereke inshuwaransi ya katunduyo.

Koma, ngati mukufunsira pangozi yanu ndi mtengo, wogulitsa akuyenera kukupatsirani chidziwitso chonse chofunikira kuti muteteze inshuwaransi.

Ndalama zolipiritsa ndi malamulo omaliza

Wogulitsayo amayang'anira zoopsa zonse ndi mtengo wokulitsa satifiketi yotumiza kapena zolemba zina.

Amachitanso ma protocols onse ogulitsa kunja kwa katundu wanu wolamulidwa.

Malipiro akasitomu

Zili pa wogulitsa kuti akwaniritse ndalama zonse za miyambo, misonkho ndi zina zofunika pamwambo wogulitsa kunja.

Chizindikiritso cha zindikirani

Bola ndiwe woyambitsa kuopsa ndi ndalama;

Fob Cifukwa ntchito kuti akuthandizeni kuti akupatseni mwatsatanetsatane za kutumiza kwa katundu pakutsatira mgwirizano wogulitsidwa.

Mofananamo, mawu a FCA amalamula kuti wogulitsa akuthandizeni ndi chidziwitso chokwanira komanso nthawi yake.

Ndiye kuti, kaya katunduyo, malinga ndi mgwirizano wogulitsa, aperekedwa kwa chonyamulira monga momwe amakonzekereratu kapena ayi.

Kukamba nkhani

FOB ndi FCA Kutumiza kumagwera pansi pa kagulu kake kophiphiritsa kuyambira wogulitsa amaliza kutumiza popanda kulumikizana mwachindunji.

Wogulitsayo amapereka katunduyo kwa chonyamulira, kapena kutsitsa kapena kukwezedwa kukwera galimoto pamalo osankhidwa nthawi yomwe ili ndi nthawi yofotokozedwayo.

Wogulitsayo amatengedwa kuti akwaniritse udindo wawo mutakupatsani ndi zikalata monga umboni woti ubweretse zonyamula, kuphatikizapo zikalata za mutu.

Izi zikutanthauza kuti kufika kwa katundu pazomwe mumalongosola sikuyenera kutsimikiziridwa.

M'mawu osavuta, wogulitsa amapereka kutumiza malinga ndi zikalata, ndipo mumalipira zomwezo.

Adaperekanso wogulitsa, malinga ndi mgwirizano wogulitsa, watulutsa zolemba zonse, mumakakamizidwa kulipira katunduyo.

Zilibe kanthu ngakhale zina mwazinthu zinatayika kapena zowonongeka.

Komanso, ngati zolembedwa zomwe zatulutsidwa ndi wogulitsa sizigwirizana ndi mgwirizano, ngakhale kuti katunduyo akhalebe wabwino pakufika, mukulondola kuti musamalipire.

Pachifukwa ichi, mumazindikira kuti Kupempha kofananira ndi malonda a zikalata za mgwirizano!

Kusiyana kwa ogulitsa pakati pa Fob ndi FCA

· · Sayansi ikhale pachiwopsezo

Asanayambe ma incroteers 2010, kusamutsa zoopsa pa malamulo a fob kunachitika pomwe katundu adawoloka njanji ya sitimayo.

Mwachidule:

Wogulitsa anali ndi mlandu chifukwa cha zoopsa zonse ndi zotayika zisanachitike katundu wowoloka njanji ya sitimayo.

Pambuyo pake, zoopsa zidaperekedwa kwa inu.

Koma mwanjira yeniyeni ya moyo, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kugwiritsa ntchito sitimayo ngati malire kuti asungunuke.

Izi ndichifukwa choti kukweza katundu kuchokera pabwalo kupita ku chotengera chotumizira ndi njira yathunthu komanso yopitilira, komabe njanji ya sitimayo ndi mfundo yabwino.

Pachifukwa ichi, sizomveka kuzilingalira za sitima ya sitimayo kuti malire a ngozi.

Mwamwayi, iCC idazindikira chisokonezo ichi ndikusinthidwa mu Instiwerms 2010 For Fob.

Ndi kusintha kwaposachedwa, kusamutsa zoopsa kumachitika pomwe wogulitsa amatenga katundu pa bolodi lotumizira ndi inu m'malo mongowoloka njanji ya sitimayo.

Zikuwoneka kuti, kusintha komwe kuli komweko kuli kovuta kwa nonse pakusiyanitsa maudindo anu pamalonda.

Malinga ndi kufotokozera kwa mawu a FCA, wogulitsa ayenera kutumiza katunduyo kumalo onyamula kapena munthu wosankhidwa ndi inu pamalo omwe adasankhidwa kuti agwirizane ndi mgwirizano.

Ili ndi mfundo yomwe kusamutsa zoopsa kuchokera kwa wogulitsa kwa inu.

Muyenera kuti, chifukwa chake, onani kuti pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa fca ndi nkhandwe yokhudza kusamutsa ngozi.

Etihad Cargo

Choyamba, kusamutsa chiopsezo pansi pa FCA kumachitika pomwe wogulitsa amapereka katunduyo kumalo onyamula katundu pomwe wogulitsa ayenera kukweza katunduyo.

Chifukwa chake, wogulitsayo amakhutitsidwa kuti abwerere popanda kunyamula zoopsa ndi mtengo wokweza zotumiza pa board chonyamula chonyamula.

Chachiwiri, pansi pa mawu a fob, wogulitsa amataya umwini wa katunduyo akaperekedwa kwa chonyamulira.

Ngakhale akadali ndi mlandu chifukwa cha zoopsa zonse mpaka atayika katunduyo panjira yoyendera.

Chifukwa chake, malire a udindo ndi kusamutsa ngozi ndi osiyana pansi pa mawu a fob.

M'malo mwake, malire a udindo ndi kusamutsa ngozi ndi chimodzimodzi pansi pa mawu a Fca, komwe kumakhala kuvomerezedwa kwa chonyamula katundu.

Votane yomwe idasungidwa ndiogulitsa

Pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa fob ndi mawu a FCA onena za mtengo wogula ndi wogulitsa.

Choyamba, mayendedwe amkati ndi inshuwaransi ndi osiyana.

Monga ndanenera kale, pansi pa mawu otumizira a Fob, Kutumiza kumatha chifukwa chaogulitsa pambuyo pa zogulitsa zomwe zimasungidwa padoko la kutumiza.

Izi zikutanthauza kuti wogulitsa ayenera kuphimba mayendedwe ndi milandu ya inshuwaransi kuchokera pafakitale yawo kupita ku doko lotchedwa Lotumiza.

Koma pansi pa mawu otumiza FCA, wogulitsa amangofunika kunyamula katunduyo kumalo onyamula pamalo osankhidwa.

Nthawi zambiri, ikakhala yonyamula katundu, malo operekera ndi malo ogulitsa kapena nyumba yosungiramo katundu.

Chifukwa cha ichi, wogulitsa sakakamizidwa kusamalira mayendedwe ndi kuwononga ndalama ku doko lotchedwa Lotumiza.

Chachiwiri, kusiyanasiyana pakutsitsa ndi kutsitsa ndalama.

Pansi pa mawu akhungu, wogulitsa amalipira ndalama zolipirira pa doko lotumizira.

Koma pansi pa mawu a Fca, chifukwa cha kusiyana komwe kuli kuperekera, kutsegula ndi kutsegula ndalama zomwe wogulitsa amafunikira kulipiranso.

Muzochitika komwe nthawi yoperekera ndi malo ogulitsa, wogulitsa ayenera kusamalira mtengo wokweza katundu pa njira ya wonyamulayo.

Kumbali inayi, pakakhala kuti mukukamba za wogulitsa, wogulitsa amangowonjezera magalimoto awo, amagwiritsa ntchito katunduyo kumalo onyamula.

Sadzafunikira kuti akwaniritse mtengo wotsitsa pagalimoto yawo ndikutsitsa chotengera cha wonyamula.

Kunyamula katundu

FOB ndi FCA ali ndi mafotokozedwe osiyanasiyana pamayendedwe a mayendedwe. Ulamuliro wa FOB umagwira ntchito ku Marine ndi Inland yamadzi ammanda okha.

FCA, kumbali inayo, imagwira ntchito kwa mitundu yonse yoyendera kuphatikiza mitundu yambiri.

Mtengo wonyamulira katundu

Chifukwa cha izi, mawu otumizira a FCA ali kutali kwambiri ndi njira yotumizira ndipo amatha kukumana ndi zosowa zanu zapakati.

Chifukwa chake, zikalata zovomerezeka zonyamula zosungidwa ndi wogulitsa zimasiyananso pansi pa ma incotms awiri.

Popeza nthawi yotumiza ya FOB ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku Marine ndi kunyamula ngalande yamadzi yokha, zolemba zogwirizana ndi nyanja yam'madzi ndi bine.

Koma popeza nyanja yam'madzi si kuyimira kwa chikalata cha umwini, simufuna zam'madzi zam'madzi kuti musankhe katunduyo kuchokera kwaonyamula.

M'malo mwake, muyenera kuwononga chonyamulira chizindikiritso chokha.

Koma kusandulika katunduyo kuchokera ku zojambulazo kwa inu, wogulitsa, ndi chidziwitso cholembedwa, kusunga ufulu kusintha wogula kuti asangalale ndi kutumiza.

Chiwerengero cha marine okwerera nthawi zonse chimaganiziridwa ngati chikalata cha mutu.

Nthawi zambiri, phwando lomwe lili nalo lili ndi ufulu wofunikira kuperekera katundu kuchokera kunyamulidwe.

Bill of Lading imakupatsaninso ufulu wokhala ndi katundu ndi katundu.

Chifukwa cha izi, mukamagwiritsa ntchito mawu a Fob, nthawi zonse pemphani ndalama zogulira komanso osati nyanja yam'madzi kuchokera kwa wothandizira wanu.

Pali mitundu ingapo ya ngongole ikafika ku FCA.

Izi ndichifukwa choti mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mawu mwanjira iliyonse ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zotumizira.

Chifukwa chake, akufunika kufotokozeranso ndalama zoyambira posankha njira yotumizira mogwirizana.

Fob iccoterm

Chifukwa cha kukhazikitsidwa kwakukulu kwa mitundu yophatikizira, bilu yambiri yazamalonda yakhala yomwe imakonda kwambiri pamalamulo a FCA.

Kuthana ndi kutumiza ndi kulipirira

Poyerekeza fob ndi fca, tikuwona pansi pa Fob; Ndiwo chonyamulira chomwe chimapereka ndalama zogulira ku doko lakuchoka.

Mukakhala pansi pa FCA, bilu yamitundu yamitundu yamitundu imaperekedwa ndi onyamula kwa omwe amamupatsa pamalo omwe asinthidwe.

Chifukwa chake, izi zikuwonetsa kuti ndalama zomangira zomangirira zitha kuperekedwa kwa wogulitsa m'mbuyomu ndipo izi zimapindulitsa wogulitsa.

Mudzawalipira m'mbuyomu mutakutulutsirani ndalama zam'madzi.

Izi zimachepetsa likulu lawo ndikuchepetsa mtengo wa chiwongola dzanja.

"Warehouse-toohouse"

"Warehouse-Warehouse" Claise njira yomwe imatanthawuza inshuwaransi imakhudza katundu wosungirako malo osungirako malo omwe akupitako.

Kosungira katundu

Nthawi zambiri "Warehouse-Hoowerhouse" Claise amatenga ulendowu munyanja, mainwa wamtchire ndi maofesi osungira.

Nthawi zina, inshuwaransi singabwezeretsenso zotayika zonse zomwe zimachitika mu njira yotumizira.

Tiyeni tiwone chodabwitsa cha fob komwe "Wareowese yosungirako zosungiramo" malo osungirako "amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo ndinu oyang'anira inshuwaransi.

Ngati mungatayetsere katundu musananyamuke chotengera chotumizira pamalo otuluka, wogulitsa amakhala kuti ali ndi vuto la zotayika.

Koma alibe ufulu wovomerezeka kuti abweze ndalama kuchokera kwa inshuwaransi.

Izi zimachitika chifukwa chake, ku inshuwaransi yapadziko lonse lapansi, yovomerezeka imayenera kukhala ndi chidwi chosawerengeka pazinthuzo.

Pakakhala kutayika musanamalize kusamutsa koopsa, inu monga wowongolera sipindulitsa ndi mwayi wa chiwongola dzanja chosakhazikika pa katundu.

Wogulitsa amasangalala ndi mwayi wokhala ndi chidwi ngakhale kuti siogwirizana.

Izi zimabweretsa "kusanja kwa inshuwaransi,".

Kutanthauza kuti wogulitsa sapindula ndi "Warehouse-to-Warehouse" nthawi yomweyo ndipo sangatenge chilichonse chobwezeretsedwanso ku inshuwaransi.

Komabe, ndi mawu a FCA, ngati kubereka kumatsirizidwa ku malo ogulitsa, mumayamba kusangalala ndi "Warehouse-to-Warehouse".

Izi ndi zongogulitsa pambuyo pa kutumiza kwa onyamula.

Komanso, wothandizirayo samanyamula zotsatira za inshuwaransi ya "ntchito ya inshuwaransi."

Kusiyana pakati pa FAS ndi FOB Scotterms

Choyamba ndikadakonda kukudziwitsani zofananazo pakati pa zigawo ziwiri mwatsatanetsatane:

Sokosi

• Chinthu choyamba chomwe muyenera kuzindikira za FAB ndi Fob ndikuti awiriwa amagwira ntchito ku Port Kutumiza Koyambira kokha.
• Pansi pa ma incoterms awiri, wogulitsa amatumiza ma protocol omwe mukugulitsa mukamachita zomwezo.
• Wothandizira amapereka zogulitsa zanu m'dziko lanu. Pachifukwa ichi, awiriwo amatchedwa "kugulitsa paulendo wapadziko lonse lapansi.
• M'mawu onse awiri, ndiwe amene amalipira katundu. Ndalama zogulira, zomwe ziyenera kuperekedwa ndi wogulitsa zikuyenera kuphatikiza "katundu watola katundu.
• Pansi pa ma incroterm onse, wogulitsa sakakamizidwa kupereka inshuwaransi ya Marine.

Tsopano nditha kufotokoza kusiyana pakati pa sitima yaulere pafupi ndi sitima yaulere malinga ndi incroterms 2010.

Kusiyana pakati pa FAS ndi FOB

· · ·

Pansi pa Maganizo a FUS omwe amapereka amatengedwa kuti apulumutse katundu wanu akangowayika pambali pa chotengera chotumizira.

Pansi pa mawu a nkhanu zomwe wogulitsa amatengedwa kuti atulutse katunduyo akangowayika pa bolodi cholembera chotchedwa chotumizira.

Ma Increels 2010: US

Ngati ndinu wogula kuchokera ku United States, ndiye kuti muyenera kumvetsetsa ma cyprents 2010 chifukwa cha zotsatirazi.

Ma Increerds vs. Code Code Commercial Commercial

Monga wochita malonda kuchokera ku US, muyenera kudziwa kuti mawu azogulitsa a CIF, FOB ndi zotero kumafotokozedwa ku United States Commercing Code (UcC).

Ucc

UCC idayamba koyamba kupangidwa mu 1952 ndikumaphimba mbali zingapo zamalonda.

Zimaphatikizapo "Kutumiza ndi Kutumiza" Claucations yomwe ili ndi zolinga zokwanira za malamulo a inshuwa.

Ambiri mwa mawu a UCC ali ndi zilembo zofananira ndi zilembo zitatu monga zomwe zili mu system.

Ngakhale matanthauzidwe awo amasiyana.

Nthawi zambiri, "Fob" atha kukhala ndi matanthauzidwe angapo osiyanasiyana mkati mwa UCC, komwe sikunagwirizane ndi kufotokozera kwa chinsinsi cha iCC.

Kusindikiza Kwa Akuluakulu A UCC mu 2004 kumasintha zinthu.

Kusindikiza kosinthidwanso kunathetsanso mawuwa.

Komabe, pazifukwa zosalumikizidwa ndi "Kutumiza ndi Kutumiza" Claucations, kusintha kwakukulu komwe kudakumana ndi izi.

Chifukwa chake mu 2011, othandizira adasiya kusintha.

Mayiko ena akuti US ndi omwe amatsatira mbali zina za UCC yomwe imagwirizana.

Komabe, njira yothandiza ku chisokonezoli ndikugwirizanitsa ntchito za malamulo a ICC Incrotems pa malonda onse azamalonda, ikhale yopatsirana kapena yapadziko lonse.

Malingaliro a 2010 alembedwa kuti atsimikizire kuti malamulowo ndiwowongoka kwambiri pamalonda.

Mwachitsanzo, maudindo onse pokhudzana ndi kutumiza kunja kapena kulowetsa kuyenera kungobweretsedwa 'komwe kuli koyenera.'

, Khutu, khutu ndikukulitsa zochitika

Monga tonse tikudziwa pomalizira pake, ulamulirowu umasiya udindo wotumiza miyambo ndi wogula, osati wotsatsa.

Komabe, otumiza kunja kwa ife ali ndi malingaliro apa popewa ntchito ayenera kukumbukiridwa kuti tisakhale ndi malamulo ogwiritsa ntchito.

Kutha

Chifukwa cha izi, kuphwanya malamulo kapena kulakwitsa kwambiri komwe kunasungidwa ndikulakalaka wogulitsa US monga chipani cha chidwi cha chiwongola dzanja (USPPI.)

Nthawi zina, zochitika zamalonda zimatha kusamaliridwa ndi wogula wakunja ndipo osati wogulitsa kunja.

Amanenedwa kuti "zoyendetsedwa" zimachitika ndipo ziziwunika.

Kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse chifukwa cha zoopsa zaogulitsa kwa wogulitsa.

Nthawi zambiri wogulitsa kunja uyenera kukhala woyang'anira mayendedwe pogwiritsa ntchito nthawi ngati cpt kapena cip.

Komabe, ngati izi sizili zothandiza, ndiye kuti tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mukhale ndi udindo wotumiza chilolezo ndikuyika onyamula aulere.

Incroterms 2010 Faqs

Mu gawo lino, ndikuyenda mu mafunso ochepa omwe makasitomala ambiri amandifunsa tsiku lililonse.

2. Chifukwa chiyani ndiyenera kusamala ndi ma incotms?

Kumvetsetsa ndi kuzigwiritsa ntchito moyenera kudzakupulumutsani mutu!

Ngati mukuchita nawo malonda apadziko lonse lapansi, muyenera kumvetsetsa zomwe mukunena monga momwe naneyo zikukhudzidwira.

Nazi zifukwa zina zimayenera kukhala zodetsa kwambiri kwa inu:

• Amaonetsetsa kutialiyense akuwerenga kuchokera ku script yomweyo. Inu ndi ogulitsa mutha kutanthauza kuti mumalongosola maudindo, zoopsa, ndi mtengo.

• IwoChepetsani chiopsezo cha zovuta zamalamuloChifukwa zomveka bwino zimafotokozedwa bwino ndipo palibe mwayi wowatanthauzira molakwika kapena anati / anati / anati:
• Monga momwe ma incrot sangalandire mitengo, kumakuthandizani kuti inu ndi wogulitsa mumvetsetse maudindo a chipani chilichonse, kotero palibe zozizwitsa pamavuto

3. Kodi ndikufunika kuganizira zamimba?

Muyenera kuganizira za decoterms musanakaze mgwirizano wogulitsa.

Kapena kuyika pangozi wogulitsa akusintha pa mgwirizano kapena mukukumana ndi zovuta pamayendedwe otumizira.

4. Ndi iti yomwe ili yabwino kwambiri potumiza kuchokera ku China?

Kuti muchepetse njira yoyendera, ndikupezabe ndalama zambiri komanso kuwonekeranso, gulani katundu pa mawu a fob.

Kenako kunyamula chonyamula kapena chonyamula katundu pazenera.

Chifukwa chake, wogulitsa wanu adzasamalira mayendedwe ochokera kumitundu yawo kupita ku portbound.

Kuphatikiza apo, ali ndi udindo wa ma protocols ogulitsa.

Wonyamula wanu kapena kutsogolo kwanu amasamalira mayendedwe kuchokera ku doko lotulukapo, kulowetsa chilolezo cha miyambo, ndi mayendedwe opita komwe mukupita.

5. Kodi ndiyenera kupewa chilichonse?

Eya, lingaliro lalikulu kwambiri limadalira kwa inu koma, monga choperekera chidziwitso chokhalitsa, ndikupangira kuti musiye mawu a CIF momwe mungathere.

Mawuwa ali ndi vuto lalikulu kwa inu chifukwa simunadziwe mtengo womaliza wotumizira.

Citi amangotengera mayendedwe kupita ku doko lomwe likupita, koma osati milandu yanyumba.

Kulera kopitilira muyeso kudzawonjezera zolakwa za "zobisika" zenizeni, monga madokotala, ku invoice yanu pomwe simuyenera kulipira.

M'malingaliro antchito, ali bwino pokhapokha mutafunsidwa kuti awerenge mawu a CIF, omwe mwa mafotokozedwe amangophimba mtengo wotumizira.

6. Kodi nditha kudula mtengo pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe zili pansi pa ex amagwira ntchito (kutuluka)?

Mtengo wa EPW ndiye wotsika kwambiri pakati pa ma incoterms onse chifukwa sichikuphatikiza ndalama zilizonse zoyendera.

Mawuwa amachoka pa inu kuti asamalire mayendedwe kuchokera ku malo ogulitsa.

Kuphatikiza apo, wogulitsa wanu sadzathandizira mu njira zotumizira zolembera, zomwe ndizovomerezeka kuti katundu asiyike China.

Popeza ndinu amene mumayang'anira katundu kuchokera ku fakitale yosungirako fakitale, mudzapeza othandizira okwera mtengo kwambiri kuti agwire ntchito ndi njira yonse yotumizira

M'malo mwake, mutha kulipira ndalama zoposa momwe zimafunira mukagula katundu wanu pa fob kapena mawu a CIF kuyambira.

8. Kodi ndingathe kugulitsidwa pansi pa ma incroterms 2000?

Chabwino, chipinda chapadziko lonse lapansi sichinthu chokhwima pa mtundu wa ma scoterms kuti mugwiritse ntchito.

Mapangano onse opangidwa ndi ma incroterms 2000 amawerengedwa kuti ndi oyenera.

Ngakhale Acc imalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe a 2010 pamalonda, maphwando ku mgwirizano wogulitsa amatha kusankha kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu uliwonse wa Incroterms.

Ndikofunikira, komabe, kunena zosintha zomwe mungasankhe zomwe mukugwiritsa ntchito (mwachitsanzo, ma incroterms 2000, ma incroterms 2010, kapenanso kusinthana kulikonse).

11. Kodi kugwiritsa ntchito mabungwe kumasiyana bwanji pakati pa mitundu yayikulu yogulitsa?

Zomwe ndapereka pano zimaphimba amitundu ambiri nthawi zambiri.

Milandu yofunika, ma protocolis amakhalidwe osavuta pamalire amphamvu, monga EU.

Ndiyenera kukuchititsani chidwi.

Komabe, pali zochulukirapo zomwe zimakhudza kutumiza kwanu: Mukamatumiza katundu ku UK, mufunika akaunti yoyenera ndipo US ndiye mtundu wokhawo womwe umafuna mgwirizano.

12. Kodi ndiyenera kutsuka upangiri pa chisankho chotani?

Mudziwa kuti mathandizo ena omasukira amangogwiritsa ntchito kusankhana kwa mapangidwe a ma dectoterms popeza akuwoneka kuti akugwira ntchito.

Chifukwa chake simuyenera kudabwitsidwa mukamatsogolera zomwe mukufuna kusankha kapena kusasamala kuti ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yotumizira.

13. Kodi sichikuphimbidwa ndi chiyani?

Musanayambe kutumiza kuchokera ku China, muyenera kudziwa kuti mawu apadziko lonse sakufalitsa:

• Kuphwanya mgwirizano
• Zotheka kunjenjemera
• Kusamutsa umwini kapena mutu.

Muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti izi zalembedwa mu mgwirizano wanu wogulitsa.

Kuphatikiza apo, ndimaonanso kuti ndikofunikira kuti mudziwe kuti susunga C mawu.

Makonda onse safuna kugulitsa inshuwaransi.

Chifukwa chake, inshuwaransi ya katundu ndi mtengo wosiyana nanu.

14. Kodi ndimalemba malo otchedwa a malonda olembedwa?

Ngati mwaphatikizira incoterm pangano logulitsa, malo odziwika bwino amayenera kubwera nthawi yomweyo pambuyo pa zilembo zitatu kapena zigawo zitatuzo.

Mwachitsanzo, "fca shenzen wontian ma cf."

Khalani achindunji pofotokoza malowa, makamaka ndi mizinda yayikulu yomwe imakhala ndi madera angapo.

Kupatula apo, pochita ndi akulu akulu omwe angakhale ndi mfundo zingapo zotsalira.

Nthawi zonse amang'amba madoko anu omwe adapangidwa asanalowe m'malo odziwika.

15. Kodi kalata yolembedwa ndi chiyani?

Munjira yolipirayi, mumalola banki yanu yakale kutulutsa kwa wogulitsa.

Zimachitika nthawi zonse wogulitsa asanatumize katundu wanu.

Banki imavomereza kulipira wogulitsa wanu papepala losonyeza kuti katundu ayenera kupereka.

Zolemba izi zimapanga zikalata zonyamula zikwangwani ngati umboni wopereka zinthu ku kampani yotumizira kapena kuyika katundu pa chotengera chonyamula.

16. Kodi zopereka ndi chiyani?

Apa, wogulitsa amafotokoza banki yanu ndi zikalata zowonetsa kuti katundu ayenera kupereka.

Mumalipira wogulitsa pomwe zikalatazo zawonetsa moyenera katundu wolamulidwa.

Kapenanso ngati mukuwonjezera mawu a ngongole, mumavomereza kukonzekera, kudzipereka kuti mulandire tsiku lotsatira.

Njira yolipirira iyi siyikhala yokhazikika poyerekeza ndi kalata ya ngongole.

Ndi chifukwa chakuti palibe malipiro am'mphepete mwa banki monga momwe ziliri ndi kalata ya ngongole.

Zotsatira zake, m'mayendedwe ena, izi zimathandizira wogulitsa kuti aziyang'anira zotumiza mpaka mutalipira kapena kuvomereza kulipira.

17. Kodi ndizikambirana chiyani pogwiritsa ntchito zolemba kapena zilembo za ngongole?

Izi ndi zochitika zina zotchedwa "Migwirizano" yolipira ".

Muyenera kuganizira momwemo ngati pali kudalirika pang'ono pakati panu ndi wogulitsa.

Nthawi zina, mungakayikire ngati wogulitsa adzamaliza kutumiza malinga ndi mgwirizano wogula.

Kumbali inayi, wogulitsa akhoza kukhala ndi nkhawa kuti simungathe kulipira chifukwa cha zifukwa zosiyanasiyana.

18. Kodi makalata a ngongole amakhudza bwanji chisankho?

Ngati mungafune kumaliza ntchito ndi ngongole kapena kalata ya ngongole, njirayi imayamba ndi wogulitsa omwe amapereka zolemba zingapo kubanki, kuphatikizapo bilu ya abunda.

Ndikupangira kuti mugwiritse ntchito kalata ya ngongole ngati muli ndi kukhulupilira kwa wotsatsa.

Komabe, njirayi yolipirira siyothandiza ndi liwiro chifukwa, ndi lingaliro ili, muyenera kulipira wogulitsa musanatenge katunduyo.

Kumbali inayo, f mutu umayitanitsa kukhulupirira, kuyambira ngati mungaletse malondawo, wogulitsa wanu sakhala ndi ndalama zogulira ku banki.

Mawu a D amafunikanso kudalirika, chifukwa wogulitsa ali ndi udindo pazonyamula zonse zoyendera.

Chifukwa chake, mukuzindikira njira yabwino kwambiri yogwiritsira ntchito ndi kalata ya ngongole ndi mawu anayi.

Mapeto

Monga momwe mungazindikire, lingaliro lililonse limakupatsani malamulo osiyana, osakanikirana omwe amakuthandizani kumvetsetsa maudindo anu.

Amafotokozeranso madera aliwonse aimvi mu mapangano omwe angakupulumutseni mutu wosafunikira mukamagwiritsa ntchito moyenera.

Pogwiritsa ntchito ma decoterms, mudzakhala okhoza kupanga mgwirizano wogwirizana, sitima ndikupereka zinthu zanu mosavuta.

Tsopano, ndiye nthawi yanu.

Kodi zimakuvutani kusankha njira yoyenera?

Chabwino, mutha kulankhula nafe pano ku Bandar.

Kuwerenganso:

• Kodi ma incot?
• Maziko a ICermerms
• Malamulo a Incroterms, maphunziro ndi zida